The treatment of women by the Taliban refers to actions and policies by various Taliban regimes which are either specific or highly commented upon,mostly due to discrimination,since they first took control in 1996. During their first rule of Afghanistan (1996–2001),the Taliban were notorious internationally for their misogyny and violence against women. In 1996,women were mandated to wear the burqa at all times in public. In a systematic segregation sometimes referred to as gender apartheid,women were not allowed to work,nor were they allowed to be educated after the age of eight. Women seeking an education were forced to attend underground schools,where they and their teachers risked execution if caught. They were not allowed to be treated by male doctors unless accompanied by a male chaperone,which led to illnesses remaining untreated. They faced public flogging and execution for violations of the Taliban's laws.
Dr. Massouda Jalal is the first woman in the history of Afghanistan who ran for the Office of the President of Afghanistan in 2002,and again in 2004. She holds the distinction of being the first woman to compete for presidency in Afghanistan,a highly conservative society where women's engagement in public life was considered improper,unacceptable,and previously banned. Dr. Jalal emerged as a leading voice of Afghan women in 2001 after her election as the Representative to the 2002 Loya Jirga. While serving her term,she became one of the frontrunners for the position of Interim President,opposite to ex-president Hamid Karzai.
Education in Afghanistan includes K–12 and higher education,which is under the Ministry of Education and Ministry of Higher Education. In 2021,there were nearly 10 million students and 220,000 teachers in Afghanistan. The nation still requires more schools and teachers. Soon after the Taliban takeover of the country in August 2021,they banned girls from secondary education. Some provinces still allow secondary education for girls despite the ban. In December 2022,the Taliban government also prohibited university education for females in Afghanistan,sparking protests and international condemnation. In December 2023,investigations were being held by the United Nations on the claim that Afghan girls of all ages were allowed to study at religious schools.
Sima Samar is a Hazara woman and human rights advocate,activist and medical doctor within national and international forums,who served as Minister of Women's Affairs of Afghanistan from December 2001 to 2003. She is the former Chairperson of the Afghan Independent Human Rights Commission (AIHRC) and,from 2005 to 2009,United Nations Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Sudan. In 2012,she was awarded the Right Livelihood Award for "her longstanding and courageous dedication to human rights,especially the rights of women,in one of the most complex and dangerous regions in the world."
Ahmed Shaheed is a Maldivian diplomat,politician and professor. On 24 March 2016,he was appointed for the sixth year running as the United Nations Special Rapporteur on the human rights situation in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Shaheed is also the Chairperson of the Geneva-based international human rights think-tank,Universal Rights Group,which was launched in January 2014. He now lives in England,as Visiting Professor of Human Rights Practice at the University of Essex.
The Afghan Independent Human Rights Commission (AIHRC) is a national human rights institution that was created during the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan,dedicated to the promotion,protection,and monitoring of human rights and the investigation of human rights abuses. As of May 2022,during the de facto Taliban government of Afghanistan,the status of the AIHRC is disputed between the Taliban,who declared the AIHRC to be dissolved,and the AIHRC itself,which sees the Taliban government as nationally and internationally illegitimate,without the power to dissolve the AIHRC.
The Afghan National Police,also known as the Afghan Police,is the national police force of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan,serving as a single law enforcement agency all across the country. The Afghan Border Police,which has stations along the nation's border and at major airports,is a separate component of the force. The ANP is under the responsibility of the Ministry of Interior Affairs in Kabul,Afghanistan,and is headed by Sirajuddin Haqqani. It has nearly 200,000 members as of April 2023. Although the GDI are also the part of the secret police agency of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan after the Fall of Kabul in August 2021.
Ramazan Bashardost is an Afghan politician who was the former planning minister in Afghanistan and a current member of the National Assembly of Afghanistan. He was an independent candidate in the 2009 Afghan presidential election.
The Ministry for the Propagation of Virtue and the Prevention of Vice is the state agency in charge of implementing Islamic law in the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan as defined by the Taliban. It was first instituted in 1992 by the Rabbani government of the Islamic State of Afghanistan and adopted in 1996 by the Taliban government of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan of 1996–2001. The ministry was restored in the reinstated Islamic Emirate in September 2021 after the August fall of Kabul.
Anahita Ratebzad was an Afghan socialist and Marxist-Leninist politician and a member of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) and the Revolutionary Council under the leadership of Babrak Karmal. One of the first women elected to the Afghan parliament,Ratebzad was deputy head of state from 1980 to 1986.
Hamida Barmaki was a renowned Afghan law professor and human rights activist. She was killed together with her family in a suicide attack.
Qadriya Yazdanparast is an Afghan politician and a commissioner at the Afghanistan Independent Human Rights Commission. Before start working in the Afghanistan Independent Human Rights Commission she resigned from her leadership position of the Jamiat-e Islami Afghanistan in order to fulfill the requirement of a commissioner to be non political. It is to be said that the Jamiat-e Islami is the biggest political party in the history of Afghanistan. She started her career during the Soviet–Afghan War. She studied jurisprudence and political science at Kabul University. Yazdanparast speaks Pashto,Dari,Dutch and English.
The second Karzai cabinet was the cabinet of Afghanistan that led the government from the re-election of president Hamid Karzai in 2009 until the end of his term in 2014. The cabinet consisted of the president,his two vice-presidents,18 ministers who received approval from the Afghan Parliament,and 7 acting ministers who have not been approved.
Afghanistan and Indonesia established diplomatic relations on 20 May 1950. The relationship is mostly founded on common religious solidarity,as Indonesia is the world's most populous Muslim majority country,and Afghanistan is also a Muslim majority country. Indonesia has expressed its commitment to support and assist the rebuilding of Post-Taliban Afghanistan in various sectors,including technical training,infrastructure,women's empowerment,higher education,and diplomat training. Indonesia has an embassy in Kabul,while Afghanistan has an embassy in Jakarta. Both nations are full members of Non-Aligned Movement and Organisation of Islamic Cooperation.
Adela Raz is an Afghan politician who served as the last ambassador of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan to the United States from July 2021 to February 2022. Raz was also the first woman to hold the office of Permanent Representative of Afghanistan to the United Nations.
Roya Rahmani is an Afghan diplomat who served as Afghanistan's first female ambassador to the United States and non-resident ambassador to Mexico,Argentina,Colombia,and the Dominican Republic from December 2018 to July 2021. She is currently the Chair of the international advisory company in development finance —Delphos International LTD. She is also a distinguished fellow at the Georgetown Institute for Women,Peace,and Security,a senior advisor at the Atlantic Council's South Asia Center,and a senior fellow for international security at the New America Foundation. From 2016 to 2018,she served as Afghanistan's first female ambassador to Indonesia,first ever ambassador to the Association of Southeast Asian Nations,and non-resident ambassador to Singapore.
Protests in Afghanistan against the Taliban started on 17 August 2021 following the Fall of Kabul to the Taliban. These protests are held by Islamic democrats and feminists. Both groups are against the treatment of women by the Taliban government,considering it as discriminatory and misogynistic. Supported by the National Resistance Front of Afghanistan,the protesters also demand decentralization,multiculturalism,social justice,work,education,and food. There have been pro-Taliban counterprotests.
On 15 August 2021,the city of Kabul,the capital of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan,was captured by Taliban forces during the 2021 Taliban offensive,concluding the War in Afghanistan that began in 2001. The fall of Kabul provoked a range of reactions across the globe,including debates on whether to recognize the Taliban as the government of Afghanistan,on the humanitarian situation in the country,on the outcome of the War,and the role of military interventionism in world affairs.
Soraya Rahim Sobhrang is an Afghan politician,physician,and human rights activist serving as the commissioner of women's rights of the Afghan Independent Human Rights Commission.
Amina is the loose transcription of two different Arabic female given names:
