Amplification (psychology)

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Amplification is a judged tendency of a person to amplify physical symptoms based on negative psychological factors such as anxiety or depression. A distinct interpretation of amplification could be sensory processing disorder involving differences in the way a person reacts to sensory input, a symptom associated autism spectrum disorder. [1] An indicidual’s psychological state has been documented to affect the course of upper respiratory tract infection, [2] [3] post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome, [4] and musculoskeletal pain. [5] Amplification is not recognized by the American Psychiatric Association.

Amplification is related to alexithymia. [6] [7] Amplification may also contribute to multiple-drug intolerance (if the adverse effects that are reported are non-specific). [8] It is unclear whether amplification is related to observations that Type A personality traits may be associated with delayed recovery after organic illness. [9] [10]

Assessment

The somatosensory amplification scale (SSAS) has been validated to measure amplification. [1] The scale contains four items measured with a five-item Likert scale:

  1. Sudden loud noises really disturb me
  2. I'm very uncomfortable when I'm in a place that is too hot or too cold
  3. I can't stand pain as well as most people can
  4. I find I'm often aware of various things happening in my body
  5. I'm quick to sense the hunger contractions in my stomach

See also

References

  1. 1 2 Barsky AJ, Goodson JD, Lane RS, Cleary PD (1988). "The amplification of somatic symptoms". Psychosomatic Medicine. 50 (5): 510–9. doi:10.1097/00006842-198809000-00007. PMID   3186894. S2CID   29282201.
  2. ↑ IMBODEN JB, CANTER A, CLUFF LE (1961). "Convalescence from influenza. A study of the psychological and clinical determinants". Arch. Intern. Med. 108: 393–9. doi:10.1001/archinte.1961.03620090065008. PMID   13717585.
  3. ↑ Lane RS, Barsky AJ, Goodson JD (1988). "Discomfort and disability in upper respiratory tract infection". Journal of General Internal Medicine. 3 (6): 540–6. doi:10.1007/BF02596095. PMID   3230456. S2CID   28428075.
  4. ↑ Thabane M, Kottachchi DT, Marshall JK (2007). "Systematic review and meta-analysis: the incidence and prognosis of post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome". Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 26 (4): 535–44. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2007.03399.x . PMID   17661757.
  5. ↑ Mallen CD, Peat G, Thomas E, Dunn KM, Croft PR (2007). "Prognostic factors for musculoskeletal pain in primary care: a systematic review". The British Journal of General Practice. 57 (541): 655–61. PMC   2099673 . PMID   17688762.
  6. ↑ Wise, Thomas N.; Mann, Lee S. (August 1994). "The relationship between somatosensory amplification, alexithymia, and neuroticism". Journal of Psychosomatic Research. 38 (6): 515–521. doi:10.1016/0022-3999(94)90048-5. ISSN   0022-3999. PMID   7990059.
  7. ↑ Nakao, Mutsuhiro; Barsky, Arthur J.; Kumano, Hiroaki; Kuboki, Tomifusa (January 2002). "Relationship Between Somatosensory Amplification and Alexithymia in a Japanese Psychosomatic Clinic". Psychosomatics. 43 (1): 55–60. doi:10.1176/appi.psy.43.1.55. ISSN   0033-3182. PMID   11927759. S2CID   9738550.
  8. ↑ Davies SJ, Jackson PR, Ramsay LE, Ghahramani P (2003). "Drug intolerance due to nonspecific adverse effects related to psychiatric morbidity in hypertensive patients". Arch. Intern. Med. 163 (5): 592–600. doi: 10.1001/archinte.163.5.592 . PMID   12622606.
  9. ↑ Jenkins CD, Jono RT, Stanton BA (1996). "Predicting completeness of symptom relief after major heart surgery". Behavioral Medicine . 22 (2): 45–57. doi:10.1080/08964289.1996.9933764. PMID   8879456.
  10. ↑ Fields KB, Delaney M, Hinkle JS (1990). "A prospective study of type A behavior and running injuries". The Journal of Family Practice. 30 (4): 425–9. PMID   2324695.
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