Andrew Digby

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Andrew Digby
Digby 2016.jpg
Digby in 2016
Born1975
Norwich, United Kingdom
EducationPhD Astronomy, Edinburgh University, UK 2003 PhD Biology, Victoria University of Wellington, NZ 2013
Occupation(s)Astronomer and ecologist
EmployerNew Zealand Department of Conservation: Kakapo Recovery Program & Takahe Recovery Program
AwardsNASA Michelson Postdoctoral Fellow. American Museum of Natural History, New York 2003

Andrew Digby is an astronomer and ecologist whose work focusses on researching and conserving New Zealand's endangered endemic birds.

Contents

Career

Digby has a Natural Sciences B.A. (Hons.) from Cambridge and a PhD in astronomy from the University of Edinburgh with a thesis assessing the formation of the galaxy through low-mass stars. He has jointly published numerous papers relating to the detection of dark matter, [1] [2] the luminosity of stars, [3] and exoplanet imaging and spectroscopy. [4] In 2003 he was appointed as the NASA Michelson Postdoctoral Fellow [5] at the Department of Astrophysics, American Museum of Natural History, New York where his research contributed to the design and construction of a coronagraph to directly image planets around other stars. [6]

Digby moved to New Zealand in 2006. He spent several years with the New Zealand meteorological service as a research scientist in the Forecasting Research group, then he began a PhD in Conservation Biology at Victoria University of Wellington in 2009. His thesis is titled Whistling in the Dark: An Acoustic Study of Little Spotted Kiwi . [7] He combines all his skills in his present work using acoustic monitoring to track the behaviour of birds in the wild.

He works for New Zealand Department of Conservation in recovery programs for the Kākāpō [8] and South Island takahē, [9] two endangered birds endemic to New Zealand, and believes he has the perfect job:

“It’s every conservation biologist’s dream: the application of a wide variety of scientific fields and methods to make a real difference to the survival of an endangered species.” [10]

Digby is keen to spread the conservation message: he returned to his alma mater, Cambridge University, to talk about his current projects in July 2016, [11] he has published extensively in the scientific and popular press including New Scientist, [12] and local newspapers and radio. [13] He was invited to speak at the New Zealand Skeptics Conference in Queenstown in December 2016. [14]

Kiwi research

The Kiwi, a flightless bird with a long beak was the subject of Digby's PhD. His discovery that the birds harmonise their calls to defend their territory is claimed to be the first example of vocal coordination in birds. [15] During his study, Digby used sound recorders and video cameras to track incubation. Unexpectedly, one breeding pair that produced two chicks were found to be the Little Spotted Kiwi, the smallest kiwi and very vulnerable. [16]

Kākāpō recovery project

Kakapo Pura on Codfish Island.. Strigops habroptilus, face.jpg
Kakapo Pura on Codfish Island..

Kakapo Recovery is a project of the New Zealand Department of Conservation utilising the skills of scientists, rangers and volunteers to protect and boost the numbers of the endangered Kakapo, a flightless parrot. From only 18 individuals in the 1970s, the projects breeding and research program has boosted numbers to a population 209 adults living on a predator-free islands (2020). [11] Since February 2016, surviving kākāpō are kept on three predator-free islands, Whenua Hou/Codfish, Anchor and Hauturu-o-Toi/Little Barrier islands, where they are closely monitored. [17] In 2016 a record 47 chicks hatched and 33 were fledged. [18] Digby promoted the idea to crowd fund a project to sequence the genome of every living adult kakapo as well as the genomes of 55 long-dead museum specimens from around the world. [19] This will be the first time genomes will be sequenced for an entire species population and will allow the breeding program to be refined and improved. [20]

Takahe in Zealandia in Wellington. Takahe3.jpg
Takahe in Zealandia in Wellington.

South Island takahē recovery project

The South Island takahē is a stout, flightless bird which was thought extinct but found again in 1948 in the remote Murchison Mountains, Fiordland. Conservation efforts have continued but the birds still remain critically endangered with currently 300 adults known. [21] Digby is the scientist on the Takahē Recovery project giving advice on topics such as population dynamics, genetics, predator-prey interactions, avian diseases, and trials of new transmitters. [22]

Publications

Articles

Theses

Conference Papers

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kiwi (bird)</span> Order of birds

Kiwi are flightless birds endemic to New Zealand of the order Apterygiformes. The five extant species fall into the family Apterygidae and genus Apteryx. Approximately the size of a domestic chicken, kiwi are the smallest ratites.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kākāpō</span> Large endangered flightless nocturnal parrot endemic to New Zealand

The kākāpō, sometimes known as the owl parrot, is a species of large, nocturnal, ground-dwelling parrot of the superfamily Strigopoidea. It is endemic to New Zealand.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fiordland National Park</span> National park on South Island of New Zealand

Fiordland National Park is a national park in the south-west corner of South Island of New Zealand. It is the largest of the 13 national parks in New Zealand, with an area covering 12,607 km2 (4,868 sq mi), and a major part of the Te Wāhipounamu a UNESCO World Heritage Site established in 1990. The park is administered by the Department of Conservation. The southern ranges of the Southern Alps cover most of Fiordland National Park, combined with the deep glacier-carved valleys.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Takahē</span> Species of bird

The South Island takahē is a flightless swamphen indigenous to New Zealand and the largest living member of the rail family. It is often known by the abbreviated name takahē, which it shares with the recently extinct North Island takahē. The two takahē species are also known as notornis.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tiritiri Matangi Island</span> Island located in the Hauraki Gulf of New Zealand

Tiritiri Matangi Island is located in the Hauraki Gulf of New Zealand, 3.4 km (2.1 mi) east of the Whangaparāoa Peninsula in the North Island and 30 km (19 mi) north east of Auckland. The 2.2 km2 (1 sq mi) island is an open nature reserve managed by the Supporters of Tiritiri Matangi Incorporated, under the supervision of the Department of Conservation and is noted for its bird life, including takahē, North Island kōkako and kiwi. It attracts between 30,000 and 32,000 visitors a year, the latter figure being the maximum allowed by the Auckland Conservation Management Strategy.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mana Island (New Zealand)</span> Island in New Zealand

Mana Island is the smaller of two islands that lie off the southwest coast of the North Island of New Zealand. The name of the Island is an abbreviation of the Maori name Te Mana o Kupe, which means "The Mana of Kupe".

Chalky Island or Te Kākahu-o-Tamatea is an island in the southwest of New Zealand, and is part of Fiordland National Park. It lies at the entrance to Taiari / Chalky Inlet, next to Rakituma / Preservation Inlet, at the southwestern tip of the South Island, 10 kilometres (6 mi) northwest of Puysegur Point, 15 kilometres (9 mi) southeast of West Cape, and 140 kilometres (87 mi) west of Invercargill. Chalky Island is one of the predator-free islands that is part of the Fiordland Islands restoration programme. The programme's focus is to eradicate pests and translocate native species.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Anchor Island</span> Island of New Zealand

Anchor Island is an island in Dusky Sound in Fiordland.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rotoroa Island</span> Island in New Zealand

Rotoroa Island is an island to the east of Waiheke Island in the Hauraki Gulf of New Zealand. It covers 82 hectares. The Salvation Army purchased it for £400 in 1908 from the Ruthe family to expand their alcohol and drug rehabilitation facility at nearby Pakatoa Island. Men were treated at Home Bay at Rotoroa, while women were treated at Pakatoa. This treatment facility was closed in 2005.

Rebecca Oppenheimer is an American astrophysicist and one of four curator/professors in the Department of Astrophysics at the American Museum of Natural History (AMNH) on Manhattan's Upper West Side. Oppenheimer is a comparative exoplanetary scientist. She investigates planets orbiting stars other than the Sun. Her optics laboratory is the birthplace of a number of new astronomical instruments designed to tackle the problem of directly seeing and taking spectra of nearby solar systems with exoplanets and studying their composition, with the ultimate goal of finding life outside the solar system.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pūkaha / Mount Bruce National Wildlife Centre</span> Captive breeding facility and visitor centre located in a protected nature area

Pūkaha National Wildlife Centre is a captive breeding facility and visitor centre located in a protected forest area on State Highway 2 in New Zealand's Tararua district. It was formerly called Mount Bruce National Wildlife Centre, then Pūkaha / Mount Bruce National Wildlife Centre.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Birds of New Zealand</span>

The birds of New Zealand evolved into an avifauna that included many endemic species found in no other country. As an island archipelago, New Zealand accumulated bird diversity, and when Captain James Cook arrived in the 1770s he noted that the bird song was deafening.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">New Zealand parrot</span> Family of birds

The New Zealand parrot family, Strigopidae, consists of at least three genera of parrots – Nestor, Strigops, the fossil Nelepsittacus, and probably the fossil Heracles. The genus Nestor consists of the kea, kākā, Norfolk kākā and Chatham kākā, while the genus Strigops contains the iconic kākāpō. All extant species are endemic to New Zealand. The species of the genus Nelepsittacus were endemics of the main islands, while the two extinct species of the genus Nestor were found at the nearby oceanic islands such as Chatham Island of New Zealand, and Norfolk Island and adjacent Phillip Island.

Project 1640 is a high contrast imaging project at Palomar Observatory. It seeks to image brown dwarfs and Jupiter-sized planets around nearby stars. Rebecca Oppenheimer, associate curator and chair of the Astrophysics Department at the American Museum of Natural History, is the principal investigator for the project.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Te Kakahu skink</span> Species of lizard

The Te Kakahu skink is a critically endangered species of skink native to New Zealand. When discovered, the entire species was inhabiting a single patch of clifftop vegetation on Chalky Island in Fiordland National Park.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Murchison Mountains</span> Mountains in Fiordland National Park in New Zealand

The Murchison Mountains are a group of mountains in Fiordland National Park in New Zealand. It is the location where the South Island takahē, a type of bird presumed extinct, was rediscovered in 1948. The highest mountain is Mount Lyall at 1,892 metres (6,207 ft).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Introduction of species to Mana Island</span> New Zealand ecological restoration programme

The New Zealand Department of Conservation has introduced a number of animal and plant species to Mana Island, near Porirua, New Zealand, as part of an ecological restoration programme since taking over conservation management of the island in 1987. Some were reintroductions of species wiped out during years of agricultural use or the subsequent explosion in the number of house mice on the island. A pest control programme eliminated the mice by 1990 and many species have been introduced since. Notable successes include the spotted skink, Duvaucel's gecko and the flax weevil, which are now regarded as well established, and the yellow-crowned parakeet, which has been described as abundant and widespread. Attempts have been made to introduce several seabird species in what the Department of Conservation describes as "the world's most complex seabird translocation project"; results have been mixed.

The Fiordland Islands restoration programme is run by the New Zealand Department of Conservation. The purpose of the programme is to eradicate pests on key islands around Fiordland National Park, once the islands are considered predator free endangered native species will be translocated to the islands.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sanctuary Mountain Maungatautari</span> Protected wildlife sanctuary in Waikato, New Zealand

Sanctuary Mountain Maungatautari, is a protected natural area in Waikato Region, New Zealand where the biodiversity of 3,400 ha of forest is being restored. The sanctuary covers the mountain peak, Maungatautari.

References

  1. Oppenheimer, Ben R.; Hambly, Nigel Charles; Digby, Andrew P.; Hodgkin, Simon T.; Saumon, Didier (1 January 2001). "Direct detection of galactic halo dark matter". Science. 292 (5517): 698–702. arXiv: astro-ph/0104293 . Bibcode:2001Sci...292..698O. doi:10.1126/science.1059954. PMID   11264524. S2CID   18882777.
  2. "Spaceflight Now | Breaking News | White dwarfs shed light on dark matter". spaceflightnow.com. Retrieved 2 November 2016.
  3. Digby, Andrew P.; Hambly, Nigel C.; Cooke, John A.; Reid, INeill; Cannon, Russell D. (1 January 2003). "The subdwarf luminosity function". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 344 (2): 583–601. arXiv: astro-ph/0304056 . Bibcode:2003MNRAS.344..583D. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-8711.2003.06842.x . S2CID   17850284.
  4. Oppenheimer, Ben R.; Digby, Andrew P.; Newburgh, Laura; Brenner, Douglas; Shara, Michael; Mey, Jacob; Mandeville, Charles; Makidon, Russell B.; Sivaramakrishnan, Anand (1 January 2004). "The Lyot project: toward exoplanet imaging and spectroscopy". SPIE Astronomical Telescopes+ Instrumentation. Advancements in Adaptive Optics. 5490. International Society for Optics and Photonics: 433–442. Bibcode:2004SPIE.5490..433O. doi:10.1117/12.552211. S2CID   120364948.
  5. Lawson, P.R.; Traub, w.A., eds. (2006). Earth-Like Exoplanets: The Science of NASA's Navigator Program (PDF) (JPL Publication 06-5, Rev A ed.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California: National Aeronautics and Space Administration. p. 134. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 January 2007.
  6. Digby, Andrew P.; Hinkley, Sasha; Oppenheimer, Ben R.; Sivaramakrishnan, Anand; Lloyd, James P.; Perrin, Marshall D.; Lewis C. Roberts, Jr.; Soummer, Rémi; Brenner, Douglas (1 January 2006). "The Challenges of Coronagraphic Astrometry". The Astrophysical Journal. 650 (1): 484. Bibcode:2006ApJ...650..484D. doi: 10.1086/506339 . ISSN   0004-637X. S2CID   122143368.
  7. Digby, Andrew (2013). Whistling in the Dark: an Acoustic Study of Little Spotted Kiwi (Doctoral thesis). Open Access Repository Victoria University of Wellington, Victoria University of Wellington. doi: 10.26686/wgtn.17004829 .
  8. "Kākāpō Recovery -". Kākāpō Recovery. Retrieved 2 November 2016.
  9. "Takahē Recovery -". Takahē Recovery. Retrieved 2 November 2016.
  10. "Andrew Digby – Kākāpō Recovery". Kākāpō Recovery. Retrieved 1 November 2016.
  11. 1 2 Herald, New Zealand. "Massive boost in numbers for New Zealand's critically endangered kakapo flightless parrot". m.nzherald.co.nz. Retrieved 2 November 2016.
  12. Digby, Andrew. "The hands-on breeding effort saving the world's weirdest parrot". New Scientist . Retrieved 18 November 2016.
  13. "Andrew Digby: kakapo genomics and conservation". Radio New Zealand . 19 March 2016. Retrieved 18 November 2016.
  14. Gerbic, Susan (24 August 2017). "Looking Back at the 2016 New Zealand Skeptics Conference - CSI". www.csicop.org. Retrieved 25 April 2018.
  15. Wannan, Olivia (2 May 2013). "Kiwi harmonise their calls, study finds". Stuff.co.nz . Retrieved 18 November 2016.
  16. "Little spotted kiwi spotted in Karori sanctuary". Stuff.co.nz. 17 January 2011. Retrieved 18 November 2016.
  17. "Projects – Genome Sequencing – Kakapo – The Genetic Rescue Foundation". www.geneticrescue.science. Retrieved 18 November 2016.
  18. "Kakapo breeding successful". Stuff. 15 August 2016. Retrieved 15 November 2016.
  19. "Not an ex-parrot". The Economist . 2 April 2016. ISSN   0013-0613 . Retrieved 18 November 2016.
  20. "All kakapo to have genomes sequenced". Stuff. 14 March 2016. Retrieved 15 November 2016.
  21. (DOC), New Zealand Department of Conservation. "Takahē: land birds". www.doc.govt.nz. Retrieved 18 November 2016.
  22. "Andrew Digby – Takahē Recovery". Takahē Recovery. Retrieved 18 November 2016.