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Audre Lorde was an American writer, professor, philosopher, intersectional feminist, poet and civil rights activist. She was a self-described "Black, lesbian, feminist, socialist, mother, warrior, poet" who dedicated her life and talents to confronting different forms of injustice, as she believed there could be "no hierarchy of oppressions" among "those who share the goals of liberation and a workable future for our children."
African American literature is the body of literature produced in the United States by writers of African descent. Phillis Wheatley was an enslaved African woman who became the first African American to publish a book of poetry, which was published in 1773. Her collection, was titled Poems on Various Subjects, Religious and Moral. Olaudah Equiano was an African man who wrote The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, an autobiography published in 1789 that became one of the first influential works about the transatlantic slave trade and the experiences of enslaved Africans. His work was published sixteen years after Phillis Wheatley's work.
Lesbian pulp fiction is a genre of lesbian literature that refers to any mid-20th century paperback novel or pulp magazine with overtly lesbian themes and content. Lesbian pulp fiction was published in the 1950s and 1960s by many of the same paperback publishing houses as other genres of fiction, including westerns, romances, and detective fiction. Because very little other literature was available for and about lesbians at this time, quite often these books were the only reference the public had for modeling what lesbians were. English professor Stephanie Foote commented on the importance of lesbian pulp novels to the lesbian identity prior to the rise of organized feminism: "Pulps have been understood as signs of a secret history of readers, and they have been valued because they have been read. The more they are read, the more they are valued, and the more they are read, the closer the relationship between the very act of circulation and reading and the construction of a lesbian community becomes…. Characters use the reading of novels as a way to understand that they are not alone." Joan Nestle refers to lesbian pulp fiction as “survival literature.” Lesbian pulp fiction provided representation for lesbian identities, brought a surge of awareness to lesbians, and created space for lesbian organizing leading up to Stonewall.
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References
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Nelson, Emmanuel Sampath (1999). Contemporary African American Novelists: A Bio-bibliographical Critical Sourcebook. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 9780313305016.
- ↑ Shockley, Ann Allen (1965). "The Negro Woman in Retrospect: Blueprint for the Future". Negro History Bulletin. 29 (3): 55–70. ISSN 0028-2529. JSTOR 24767010.
- ↑ Shockley, Ann Allen (1972). "Pauline Elizabeth Hopkins: A Biographical Excursion into Obscurity". Phylon. 33 (1): 22–26. doi:10.2307/273429. ISSN 0031-8906. JSTOR 273429.
- ↑ Shockley, Ann Allen (1974). "American Anti~Slavery Literature: An Overview~1693-1859". Negro History Bulletin. 37 (3): 232–235. ISSN 0028-2529. JSTOR 44175170.
- ↑ Society, Golden Crown Literary. "Winners Announced for 15th Annual Golden Crown Literary Society (GCLS) Awards". www.prnewswire.com. Retrieved 2020-11-03.
- 1 2 3 Dandridge, Rita B. (1987). "Gathering Pieces: A Selected Bibliography of Ann Allen Shockley". Black American Literature Forum. 21 (1/2): 133–146. doi:10.2307/2904425. JSTOR 2904425.
- ↑ Stallings, L.H. (September 22, 2002). "Re-reading Ann Allen Shockley through Queer Queen B Eyes". Obsidian III: 68–69.
- 1 2 Smith, Barbara (2000). Home Girls: A Black Feminist Anthology. Rutgers University Press. ISBN 978-0-8135-2753-6.
- 1 2 3 "Toward an Aesthetic of Transgression", Unbought and Unbossed, Temple University Press, pp. 79–110, 2014-11-28, doi:10.2307/j.ctvrf88sr.6, ISBN 978-1-4399-1147-1
- ↑ Melancon, Trimiko C. (2008). "Towards an Aesthetic of Transgression: Ann Allen Shockley's "Loving Her" and the Politics of Same-Gender Loving". African American Review. 42 (3/4): 643–657. ISSN 1062-4783. JSTOR 40301259.
- 1 2 Dandridge, Rita B.; Shockley, Ann (1984). "Shockley, The Iconoclast". Callaloo (22): 160–164. doi:10.2307/2930483. JSTOR 2930483.
- ↑ McKoy, Sheila Smith (2016). "Surviving Sisterhood in the Academy". CLA Journal. 60 (1): 62–77. ISSN 0007-8549. JSTOR 44325520.
- ↑ Melancon, Trimiko C. (Fall–Winter 2008). "Towards an Aesthetic of Transgression: Ann Allen Shockley's 'Loving Her' and the Politics of Same-Gender Loving". African American Review.
