Anna Franchi | |
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| Born | 15 January 1867 |
| Died | 4 December 1954 Milan, Italy |
| Occupation(s) | Writer, Translator, Playwright, Journalist |
| Spouse | Ettore Martini (m. 1883) |
| Children | Cesare, Gino, Folco, Ivo |
| Parents |
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Anna Franchi (Livorno, 15 January 1867 - Milan, 4 December 1954) was an Italian novelist, translator, playwright and journalist.
Franchi was born into the well-to-do Livorno family of Cesare Franchi, a merchant, and his wife Iginia Rugani. [1] [2]
Franchi learned from her father, a follower of Giuseppe Mazzini, to love the Risorgimento heroes, those who were part of the popular movement to consolidate the independent states on the Italian peninsula into the single entity to form a new Kingdom of Italy. Her education included the study of the classics and music. A passionate pianist, she began taking lessons from a young and established composer from her hometown, violist Ettore Martini, starting in 1881. [1]
Anna married Martini on 3 February 1883 when she was only about 16 years old. [2] Eventually, the pair performed concerts together in Arezzo, Italy and then in Florence. Much later, Franchi wrote in her book, My Life, about the feeling of accompanying Martini on the piano, saying that it was the illusion of "Two personalities, two intellects that merged into one expression." [2] [3] [4] The couple had four children: Cesare, Gino, Folco (who lived only a year) and Ivo, born in 1889. [1] [2]
When the marriage failed, Franchi filed for a separation and divorce. Soon, Martini moved to Philadelphia taking with him his two oldest sons, Cesare and Gino, leaving Franchi in Italy with the youngest boy and in debt; the family's fortunes had collapsed with the death of her father. According to the law of that time, she was unable to sell her goods without her husband's authorization, so she became a writer to improve her fortunes and properly support her mother and child. [2] As Franchi wrote in My Life, "Finding work was not an easy thing, and the need urgent […] And yet it was necessary, and yet I wanted with my hands, with my will, with the money earned by me, to make my family live." [3] [4]
By 1895, her first comedy for theater, "For Love," had been staged in Livorno. [2]
In 1900, she earned credentials from the Lombard Association of Journalists, only the second woman to do so after Anna Kuliscioff. [2] As a journalist, Franchi wrote for newspapers and magazines in the major cities in Italy, espousing the political, social and cultural life, especially with regard to politics, art and women's issues. [2]
She wrote many short stories and novels for children, including the work that is considered her best, The Journey of a Lead Soldier, published by Salani in 1901 with illustrations by Carlo Chiostri, which met with considerable success. [2]
In 1902, she published a series of works that pertained to divorce and the difficulties that women face, a subject she knew from personal experience. The novel Avanti il divorzio (The Divorce Goes On) was met with both great success and scandal. She followed that with an essay on the same subject later that year, Il Divorce e la Donna (The Divorce and the Woman). [1] [2] In 1903 she penned the text of a conference titled Divorce, which was held at the Popular University of Parma. [2]
In a parallel effort to make money, Franchi began working as a French translator with challenging texts, including: The Diary of a Chambermaid by Octave Mirbeau, A Life by Guy de Maupassant, and The Prejudice of Isabella by M. Maryan. From Latin, she translated the Fablesof Phaedrus. [1]
In those same years she wrote monographs of artists and art critics such as Tuscan art and artists from 1850 to Today (1902), [1] [5] and the Tuscan Macchiaioli by Giovanni Fattori (1910), as well as others significant in the Macchiaioli art movement including Silvestro Lega and Telemaco Signorini. [2] She also penned plays (in addition to For Love). Alba italiana and Burchiello, both from 1911, were performed in Milan. [1]
In 1909, Franchi's son Gino Martini returned from the U.S. to live with her in Milan, where she had moved permanently in 1906, and together they became passionate followers of Filippo Corridoni's irredentist ideas to reclaim lost Italian territories from the Austrians. [1]
In 1916, Franchi's book Città Sorelle was published supporting Corridoni's ideas. In that same year, both Gino and Ivo Martini volunteered to support the military efforts in Italy during World War I, but in 1917, she received news that her son Gino Martini, lieutenant of the machine-gunners, on Monte San Gabriele, had been killed while fighting there. For his sacrifice, he was posthumously awarded a silver medal. [1]
In response to the loss of her son, she founded the League of Assistance among the Mothers of the Fallen to collectively petition the government for an annuity for mothers of a married soldier who did not enjoy the right to claim a pension. [2] She also published Il Figlio alla Guerra, a collection of conferences held at the Royal Academy of Milan. With the advent of fascism, she devoted herself only to literature, interrupting all social and political activity. [1] [2]
In the 1920s, Franchi published the novels Alla Catena (1922) and La Torta di Mele (1927), the historical essay Caterina de 'Medici (1932), as well as theatrical texts and stories for children. [2]
In the 1930s, to support herself, she wrote for many women's magazines, sometimes using the pseudonyms of Donna Rosetta and Lyra, giving advice on beauty, clothes, etc. Under the pseudonym Nonna Anna (Grandmother Anna), she wrote for the comic book Corriere dei Piccoli (Courier of the Little Ones) for young readers. [2]
After September 8, 1943, she joined the Italian Resistance and in 1946 her writing appeared in Cose d'ieri reminding Italian readers of the need to continue their efforts to battle inequality and the lack of equal rights. In this way, she seemed to connect her early Risorgimento ideals with women's emancipation and Resistance. [1]
Anna Franchi died in Milan, 4 December 1954, having authored at least 44 volumes of novels, short stories and essays. Among the many magazines that she wrote for, were: La Nazione, La Lombardia, Il Secolo XX, La Lettura, Nuovo Giornale di Firenze, Lavoro di Genova, Italy of the People of Milan, Corriere dei Piccoli, Gazzetta del popolo di Roma, Corriere toscano and others. [1] [2]
She was buried in her hometown of Livorno. [2]
The Anna Franchi collection is kept at the Documentation and Visual Research Center in the Labronica Library in Livorno. In addition, 12 handwritten essays are kept in the Archives of the Elvira Badaracco Foundation and dedicated to the author for the study of the Macchiaioli painters. [2]
According to Gigli, Franchi has been credited with, "13 volumes of history; 4 volumes of art; 8 theatrical comedies, with 4 successfully performed;15 volumes of work for adults;18 volumes of literature for children literature; and 50 years of journalistic activity." [3] Selected titles include the following. [2]
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