Anna Louise James (January 19, 1886 - 1977) was the first female African American pharmacist in Connecticut. She operated the James Pharmacy in Old Saybrook, Connecticut, for fifty years.
Anna Louise James (January 19, 1886 - 1977) was the first female African American pharmacist in Connecticut. She operated the James Pharmacy in Old Saybrook, Connecticut, for fifty years.
Anna Louise James was born on January 19, 1886, in Hartford, Connecticut, to Willis Samuel James and Anna Houston. Willis Samuel James was enslaved on a plantation in Virginia, and escaped to Connecticut. Willis James and Anna Houston married in 1874. [1] [2]
In 1902, James graduated from Hartford's Arsenal Elementary School. Her family then moved to Old Saybrook, Connecticut, where she attended the local high school and graduated in 1905. [1] Her family was one of the few Black families living in Old Saybrook. [3] James graduated from the Brooklyn College of Pharmacy in 1908, as the first African American woman graduate and the first African American women to be licensed as a pharmacist in Connecticut. [4]
After the 19th amendment was passed, legalizing women's suffrage, James was one of the first women to register to vote and was very active in the Republican Party. [1] [5]
After graduating from college, James ran a drugstore in Hartford. In 1911, she went to work with her brother-in-law, Peter Lane, at his Lane Pharmacy in Old Saybrook. [4]
After Lane left the pharmacy in 1917, James took over the pharmacy, becoming the sole owner in 1922 and renaming it James Pharmacy. James lived upstairs, and kept the pharmacy open every day, with half days on Thanksgiving, Christmas, and New Year's Day. James made extensive alterations to the pharmacy, which had been originally built in the 1790s as a general store. In 1967, she retired and closed the pharmacy, yet continued to live upstairs until her death in 1977. [1] [4]
James' niece, Ann Lane Petry, is a writer, [6] whose debut novel The Street was the first novel by an African American woman to sell more than a million copies. [4]
Old Saybrook is a town in Middlesex County, Connecticut, United States. The town is part of the Lower Connecticut River Valley Planning Region. The population was 10,481 at the 2020 census. It contains the incorporated borough of Fenwick, and the census-designated places of Old Saybrook Center and Saybrook Manor.
Ann Petry was an American writer of novels, short stories, children's books and journalism. Her 1946 debut novel The Street became the first novel by an African-American woman to sell more than a million copies.
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Ella Nora Phillips Stewart was an American pharmacist who was one of the first African American female pharmacists in the United States.
The James Pharmacy is a historic building at 2 Pennywise Lane in Old Saybrook, Connecticut. Built in an evolutionary manner beginning about 1820, it is significant as the home and workplace of Anna Louise James (1886–1977), who was the first African-American woman pharmacist in the state, and owned the pharmacy for some time. It is also the birthplace and childhood home of author Ann Petry, who was James' niece. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994, and is a contributing element in the Old Saybrook South Green district.
There is a long history of women in dentistry. Women are depicted as assistant dentists in the middle ages. Prior to the 19th century, dentistry was largely not yet a clearly defined and regulated profession with formal educational requirements. Individual female dentists are known from the 18th century. When the profession was regulated in the 19th century, it took a while before women achieved the formal education and permission to engage in dentistry.
The Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania (WMCP) was a Philadelphia medical college founded for women in 1850. It was the second medical institution in the world established to train women in medicine to earn the M.D. degrees after the New England Female Medical College in Boston, which was established two years earlier in 1848.
The history of pharmacy in the United States is the story of a melting pot of new pharmaceutical ideas and innovations drawn from advancements that Europeans shared, Native American medicine and newly discovered medicinal plants in the New World. American pharmacy grew from this fertile mixture, and has impacted U.S. history, and the global course of pharmacy.
Harriet Beecher Stowe Marble was an early African-American woman pharmacist and the first in Kentucky, gaining her degree from Meharry Medical College in 1906. She practiced in pharmacies in several states before establishing her own drugstore in Lexington, Kentucky. Marble served as Vice President of the National Medical Association, after serving as an officer of the Association's pharmaceutical section.
Bessie Olive Cole (1883–1971) was an American pharmacist, called "The first lady of Pharmacy in Maryland".
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Anna Maria Tobbe (1838–1886) was a Dutch pharmacist. She was the second female pharmacist in the Netherlands, but the first woman to apply for a job as a pharmacist. Her application eventually brought about the reform that enabled other women to be licensed.
Mozella Esther Lewis was an American pharmacist and businesswoman. She wrote an early history of African-American achievements in the pharmacy profession, and ran a drug store with another Black woman pharmacist in Los Angeles for over a decade.
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Emily Pierson was an American suffragist and physician. Early in her career, Pierson worked as a teacher, and then later, as an organizer for the Connecticut Woman Suffrage Association (CWSA). After women earned the right to vote, she went back to school to become a physician in her hometown of Cromwell, Connecticut. During much of her life, she was interested in socialism, studying and observing in both Russia and China.
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