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In medicine, a prosthesis, or a prosthetic implant, is an artificial device that replaces a missing body part, which may be lost through physical trauma, disease, or a condition present at birth. Prostheses are intended to restore the normal functions of the missing body part. Amputee rehabilitation is primarily coordinated by a physiatrist as part of an inter-disciplinary team consisting of physiatrists, prosthetists, nurses, physical therapists, and occupational therapists. Prostheses can be created by hand or with computer-aided design (CAD), a software interface that helps creators design and analyze the creation with computer-generated 2-D and 3-D graphics as well as analysis and optimization tools.
Colorado School of Mines (Mines) is a public research university in Golden, Colorado founded in 1874. The school offers both undergraduate and graduate degrees in engineering, science, and mathematics, with a focus on energy and the environment. While Mines does offer undergraduate minor programs in the humanities, arts, and social sciences, it only offers degree programs in STEM fields, with the exception of economics. In the Fall 2023 semester, the school had 7,101 students enrolled, including 5,443 undergraduate and 1,658 graduate students. The school has been coeducational since its founding but enrollment remains predominantly male. It is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity".
Passive dynamics refers to the dynamical behavior of actuators, robots, or organisms when not drawing energy from a supply. Depending on the application, considering or altering the passive dynamics of a powered system can have drastic effects on performance, particularly energy economy, stability, and task bandwidth. Devices using no power source are considered "passive", and their behavior is fully described by their passive dynamics.
Bio-mechatronics is an applied interdisciplinary science that aims to integrate biology and mechatronics. It also encompasses the fields of robotics and neuroscience. Biomechatronic devices cover a wide range of applications, from developing prosthetic limbs to engineering solutions concerning respiration, vision, and the cardiovascular system.
The Jaipur foot, also known as the Jaipur leg, is a rubber-based prosthetic leg for people with below-knee amputations. Although inferior in many ways to the composite carbon fibre variants, its variable applicability and cost efficiency make it an acceptable choice for prosthesis. Ram Chandra Sharma and orthopedic surgeon P. K. Sethi designed and developed it in 1968.
LeTourneau Engineering Global Solutions (LEGS) became LIMBS International in 2010 and is a non-profit initiative based in Longview, Texas, focused on bringing innovative, extremely low cost, high-quality prosthetic technology to people in developing nations. The focus of LEGS/LIMBS technology is its M1 Knee, a polycentric knee joint that meets international standards and can be manufactured locally for as little as $15 USD.
Orthotics is a medical specialty that focuses on the design and application of orthoses, sometimes known as braces or calipers. An orthosis is "an externally applied device used to influence the structural and functional characteristics of the neuromuscular and skeletal systems." Orthotists are professionals who specialize in designing these braces.
The mechanics of the running blades used by South African former Paralympic runner Oscar Pistorius depend on special carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer prosthetics. Pistorius has double below-the-knee amputations and competed in both non-disabled and T44 amputee athletics events. Pistorius's eligibility to run in international non-disabled events is sanctioned by the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF).
Neuromechanics of orthoses refers to how the human body interacts with orthoses. Millions of people in the U.S. suffer from stroke, multiple sclerosis, postpolio, spinal cord injuries, or various other ailments that benefit from the use of orthoses. Insofar as active orthoses and powered exoskeletons are concerned, the technology to build these devices is improving rapidly, but little research has been done on the human side of these human-machine interfaces.
Lori Ann Setton is an American biomechanical engineer noted for her research on mechanics and mechanobiology of the intervertebral disc, articular cartilage mechanics, drug delivery, and pathomechanisms of osteoarthritis. She is currently the department chair as well as the Lucy and Stanley Lopata Distinguished Professor of Biomedical Engineering at McKelvey School of Engineering at Washington University in St. Louis.
David Henson, MBE is a British parasport athlete competing mainly in T42 classification sprint events. He has represented Britain at the Invictus Games, World and European Championships and in 2016 he was selected for the Summer Paralympics in Rio, winning a bronze medal in the 200m sprint (T42).
Gait deviations are nominally referred to as any variation of standard human gait, typically manifesting as a coping mechanism in response to an anatomical impairment. Lower-limb amputees are unable to maintain the characteristic walking patterns of an able-bodied individual due to the removal of some portion of the impaired leg. Without the anatomical structure and neuromechanical control of the removed leg segment, amputees must use alternative compensatory strategies to walk efficiently. Prosthetic limbs provide support to the user and more advanced models attempt to mimic the function of the missing anatomy, including biomechanically controlled ankle and knee joints. However, amputees still display quantifiable differences in many measures of ambulation when compared to able-bodied individuals. Several common observations are whole-body movements, slower and wider steps, shorter strides, and increased sway.
Terri S. Hogue is an American hydrologist. She is currently a professor and department head of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Colorado School of Mines. Her research focuses on different hydrologic and land surface processes in semi-arid regions and the implications of them on water resource management.
Kamini Singha is a Professor in the department of Geology and Geological Engineering at the Colorado School of Mines, where she works on questions related to hydrogeology.
Katherine Muterspaugh Steele is the Albert S. Kobayashi Endowed Professor of Mechanical Engineering at the University of Washington in Seattle, Washington, United States.
Wendy K. Adams is an American physics educator. She is known for her work on interactive educational simulations of physics including the PhET Interactive Simulations project, on the effectiveness of peer discussions on conceptual understanding of physics, on measurement of student beliefs about physical concepts, on public beliefs about what it is like to be a physics teacher, and on other aspects of physics education. She is a research professor of physics in the Colorado School of Mines. and the Executive Director of Get the Facts Out a national multi-society effort to repair the reputation of the teaching profession.
Roger V. Gonzalez is the Mike Loya Endowed Chair in Engineering and Chair and Professor of the Engineering Education and Leadership Department at the University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP). He is a professional engineer in the State of Texas.
Robert D. Gregg is an American bioengineer, roboticist, inventor and academic. He is an associate professor at the University of Michigan.
Laurel Kuxhaus is an American biomechanical engineer whose research focuses on the mechanics of soft and hard tissues in joints such as the elbow and ankle, and the effects of injuries on those joints. She is a professor of mechanical and aerospace engineering in the Wallace H. Coulter School of Engineering at Clarkson University.
Michelle B. Sabick is an American biomechanical engineer specializing in the biomechanics of athletic performance and the applications of biomechanics to sports medicine. She is the dean of engineering at the University of Denver, the former dean of engineering at Saint Louis University, and the former president of the American Society of Biomechanics.
References
- 1 2 3 4 "Anne Silverman, Rowlinson Associate Professor of Mechanical Engineering", Faculty and staff, Colorado School of Mines Mechanical Engineering, retrieved 2024-06-15
- ↑ Rusch, Emilie (March 6, 2024), "Mines researcher playing key role in $15M NSF Integrative Movement Sciences Institute: Biomechanics expert Anne Silverman will lead institute's resilience and versatility research", Mines Newsroom, Colorado School of Mines, retrieved 2024-06-15
- 1 2 3 4 Silverman, Anne Katherine (2007), Compensatory Mechanisms in Below-Knee Amputee Walking and Their Effects on Knee Joint Loading, Metabolic Cost and Angular Momentum (PhD thesis), University of Texas at Austin, hdl:2152/ETD-UT-2010-08-1706 ; see vita, p. 107.
- ↑ Rusch, Emilie (November 10, 2020), "Anne Silverman named Fellow of American Society of Mechanical Engineers: An expert in musculoskeletal biomechanics, Silverman joined the Mines faculty in 2011", Mines Newsroom, Colorado School of Mines, retrieved 2024-06-15
