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The Netherlands began its colonization of the Americas with the establishment of trading posts and plantations,which preceded the much wider known colonization activities of the Dutch in Asia. While the first Dutch fort in Asia was built in 1600,the first forts and settlements along the Essequibo River in Guyana date from the 1590s. Actual colonization,with the Dutch settling in the new lands,was not as common as by other European nations.
The early history of Suriname dates from 3000 BCE when Native Americans first inhabited the area. The Dutch acquired Suriname from the English,and European settlement in any numbers dates from the 17th century,when it was a plantation colony utilizing slavery for sugar cultivation. With abolition in the late 19th century,planters sought labor from China,Madeira,India,and Indonesia,which was also colonized by the Dutch. Dutch is Suriname's official language. Owing to its diverse population,it has also developed a creole language,Sranan Tongo.
Paramaribo is the capital and largest city of Suriname,located on the banks of the Suriname River in the Paramaribo District. Paramaribo has a population of roughly 241,000 people,almost half of Suriname's population. The historic inner city of Paramaribo has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 2002.
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Jodensavanne was a Jewish plantation community in Suriname,South America,and was for a time the centre of Jewish life in the colony. It was established in the 1600s by Sephardi Jews and became more developed and wealthy after a group of Jews fleeing persecution in Brazil settled there in the 1660s. It was located in what is now Para District,about 50 km (31 mi) south of the capital Paramaribo,on the Suriname River. Sugarcane plantations were established and Black African people were used as slave labour. At its height in around 1700 it was home to roughly 500 plantation owners and 9000 slaves. The colony faced regular attacks from Indigenous people,slave revolts,and even raids from the French navy. The community eventually relocated to the capital of Paramaribo. Clearing of grave sites and maintenance of the synagogue ruins has been attempted at various times from the 1940s to the 21st century.
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The history of the Jews in Suriname starts in 1639,as the English government allowed Spanish and Portuguese Jews from the Netherlands,Portugal and Italy to settle the region,coming to the old capital Torarica.
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References
- ↑ Michiel van Groesen (9 June 2014). The Legacy of Dutch Brazil. Cambridge University Press. p. 50. ISBN 978-1-107-06117-0.
- ↑ Jonathan D. Hill (1 June 1996). History, Power, and Identity: Ethnogenesis in the Americas, 1492-1992. University of Iowa Press. p. 28. ISBN 978-1-58729-110-4.
- ↑ Ellen-Rose Kambel (1 January 1999). The Rights of Indigenous Peoples and Maroons in Suriname. IWGIA. p. 23. ISBN 978-87-90730-17-8.
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