Antinational Socialist Party

Last updated

The Antinational Socialist Party (German : Antinationale Sozialistenpartei) was a political organisation originally clandestinely founded in Berlin in 1915. [1] Following the German Revolution of 9 November 1918, it revealed itself through the pages of Die Aktion . [2]

The Appeal published on 16 November 1918 was signed by Ludwig Bäumer, Albert Ehrenstein, Julius Keller, Karl Otten, Franz Pfemfert, Heinrich Schaefer, Hans Siemsen and Carl Zuckmayer. The party existed until March 1919. [3]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Weimar Republic</span> German state from 1918 to 1933

The Weimar Republic, officially known as the German Reich, was a historical period of Germany from 9 November 1918 to 23 March 1933, during which it was a constitutional federal republic for the first time in history; hence it is also referred to, and unofficially proclaimed itself, as the German Republic. The period's informal name is derived from the city of Weimar, which hosted the constituent assembly that established its government. In English, the republic was usually simply called "Germany", with "Weimar Republic" not commonly used until the 1930s.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Prince Maximilian of Baden</span> Chancellor of Germany, 1918

Maximilian, Margrave of Baden, also known as Max von Baden, was a German prince, general, and politician. He was heir presumptive to the throne of the Grand Duchy of Baden, and in October and November 1918 briefly served as the last chancellor of the German Empire and minister-president of Prussia. He sued for peace on Germany's behalf at the end of World War I based on U.S. President Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points and took steps towards transforming the government into a parliamentary system. As the German Revolution of 1918–1919 spread, he handed over the office of chancellor to SPD Chairman Friedrich Ebert and unilaterally proclaimed the abdication of Emperor Wilhelm II. Both events took place on 9 November 1918, marking the beginning of the Weimar Republic.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rosa Luxemburg</span> Polish-German Marxist philosopher (1871–1919)

Rosa Luxemburg was a Polish and naturalised-German revolutionary socialist, orthodox Marxist, and anti-war activist. She became a key figure of the revolutionary socialist movements of Poland and Germany during the late 19th and early 20th century.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Friedrich Ebert</span> President of Germany from 1919 to 1925

Friedrich Ebert was a German politician of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) and the first president of Germany from 1919 until his death in office in 1925.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Communist Party of Germany</span> Far-left political party active in Germany from 1918 to 1956

The Communist Party of Germany was a major far-left political party in the Weimar Republic during the interwar period, an underground resistance movement in Nazi Germany, and a minor party in West Germany during the postwar period until it was banned by the Federal Constitutional Court in 1956.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Council communism</span> Form of Left-wing communism developed in the Netherlands and Germany

Council communism is a current of communist thought that emerged in the 1920s. Inspired by the November Revolution, council communism was opposed to state socialism and advocated workers' councils and council democracy. It is regarded as being strongest in Germany and the Netherlands during the 1920s.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Philipp Scheidemann</span> German politician (1865–1939)

Philipp Heinrich Scheidemann was a German politician of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD). In the first quarter of the 20th century he played a leading role in both his party and in the young Weimar Republic. During the German Revolution of 1918–1919 that broke out after Germany's defeat in World War I, Scheidemann proclaimed a German Republic from a balcony of the Reichstag building. In 1919 he was elected Reich Minister President by the National Assembly meeting in Weimar to write a constitution for the republic. He resigned the office the same year due to a lack of unanimity in the cabinet on whether or not to accept the terms of the Treaty of Versailles.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">German Revolution of 1918–1919</span> 1918–19 overthrow of the German Empire by the Weimar Republic

The German Revolution of 1918–1919 or November Revolution took place in Germany at the end of the First World War. It began with the downfall of the German Empire and eventually resulted in the establishment of the Weimar Republic. The revolutionary period lasted from November 1918 until the adoption of the Weimar Constitution in August 1919. Among the factors leading to the revolution were the extreme burdens suffered by the German population during the four years of war, the economic and psychological impacts of the German Empire's defeat by the Allies, and growing social tensions between the general population and the aristocratic and bourgeois elite.

Hede Tune Massing, née "Hedwig Tune", was an Austrian actress in Vienna and Berlin, communist, and Soviet intelligence operative in Europe and the United States during the 1930s and 1940s. After World War II, she defected from the Soviet underground. She came to prominence by testifying in the second case of Alger Hiss in 1949; later, she published accounts about the underground.

<i>Die Rote Fahne</i>

Die Rote Fahne was a German newspaper originally founded in 1876 by Socialist Worker's Party leader Wilhelm Hasselmann, and which has been since published on and off, at times underground, by German Socialists and Communists. Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg famously published it in 1918 as organ of the Spartacus League.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Albert Ehrenstein</span>

Albert Ehrenstein was an Austrian-born German Expressionist poet. His poetry exemplifies rejection of bourgeois values and fascination with the Orient, particularly with China.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rudolf Leonhard</span> German author and communist activist

Rudolf Leonhard was a German author and communist activist.

Georg Gradnauer was a German newspaper editor and politician for the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD), and the first elected Minister-President of Saxony following the end of the monarchy.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ernst Däumig</span>

Ernst Friedrich Däumig was a German politician, journalist and newspaper editor who became co-chairman of both the Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany (USPD) and Communist Party of Germany (KPD).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Karl Liebknecht</span> German socialist politician (1871–1919)

Karl Paul August Friedrich Liebknecht was a German socialist and anti-militarist. A member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) beginning in 1900, he was one of its deputies in the Reichstag from 1912 to 1916, where he represented the left-revolutionary wing of the party. In 1916 he was expelled from the SPD's parliamentary group for his opposition to the political truce between all parties in the Reichstag while the war lasted. He twice spent time in prison, first for writing an anti-militarism pamphlet in 1907 and then for his role in a 1916 antiwar demonstration. He was released from the second under a general amnesty three weeks before the end of the First World War.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Spartacist uprising</span> 1919 general strike in Berlin

The Spartacist uprising, also known as the January uprising, was an armed uprising that took place in Berlin from 5 to 12 January 1919. It occurred in connection with the November Revolution that broke out following Germany's defeat in World War I. The uprising was primarily a power struggle between the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) led by Friedrich Ebert, which favored a social democracy, and the Communist Party of Germany (KPD), led by Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg, which wanted to set up a council republic similar to the one established by the Bolsheviks in Russia. In 1914 Liebknecht and Luxemburg had founded the Marxist Spartacus League, which gave the uprising its popular name.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Spartacus League</span> World War I German Marxist revolutionary movement

The Spartacus League was a Marxist revolutionary movement organized in Germany during World War I. It was founded in August 1914 as the International Group by Rosa Luxemburg, Karl Liebknecht, Clara Zetkin, and other members of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) who were dissatisfied with the party's official policies in support of the war. In 1916 it renamed itself the Spartacus Group and in 1917 joined the Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany (USPD), which had split off from the SPD as its left wing faction. During the November Revolution of 1918 that broke out across Germany at the end of the war, the Spartacus Group re-established itself as a nationwide, non-party organization called the "Spartacus League" with the goal of instituting a soviet republic that would include all of Germany. It became part of the Communist Party of Germany (KPD) when it was formed on 1 January 1919 and at that point ceased to exist as a separate entity.

Albert Schreiner was a German political activist and Marxist historian.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Karl Otten</span> German writer

Karl Otten was a German expressionist writer and broadcaster.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bremen Soviet Republic</span> Soviet republic in Germany in 1919

The Bremen Council Republic, also referred to in English as the Bremen Soviet Republic, was an unrecognised revolutionary state in Germany formed in the immediate aftermath of the First World War. Although not formally declared until 10 January 1919, the regime it represented presided in the industrial-port city of Bremen from 14 November 1918 until its suppression on 2 February 1919 by army and irregular forces engaged by the government of the new German Republic in Berlin.

References

  1. Taylor, Seth (1990). Left-Wing Nietzscheans: The Politics of German Expressionism 1910-1920. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. p. 220.
  2. Pervulescu, Constantin (2006). After the Revolution: The Individualist Anarchist Journal "Der Einzige" and the Making of the Radical Left in the Early Post-World War I Germany (PhD thesis). University of Minnesota. p. 28.
  3. Ehrenstein, Albert (2004). Aufsätze und Essays. Gottingen: Wallstein Verlag.