Apiwe Nxusani-Mawela (b 1984) is a South African brewmaster. Nxusani-Mawela is the first person from South Africa to earn a National Diploma in clear fermented beverages. [1] She is also the first black woman in South Africa to found a microbrewery. [2] [3] Her company, Brewsters Craft, introduces students to the science of beer making through training and provides professional breweries a service through beer quality testing. She helped organize International Women's Collaboration Brew Day (IWCBD) events in South Africa. [4]
Apiwe Nxusani was born in 1984 and grew up in Butterworth [5] in the Eastern Cape. Her parents are school teachers; she is the middle of three children. [6] She is married to Rudzani Mawela and they have two kids. [6] She had an early interest in science, and though her parents wanted her to pursue medicine, she was more interested in Biology, Microbiology, and Biotechnology. [6]
When she was in 11th grade, she visited an open day at the former Rand Afrikaans University and was intrigued by the science of beer making. She has a BSc degree from the University of Witwatersrand and an Honours in Microbiology from the University of Pretoria. [2] [7] [8] In 2006, she joined South African Breweries (SABMiller) through the company’s graduate recruitment program; she completed an 18-month brewing internship. [4] [9] She completed both a Diploma in Brewing and the Master Brewer Diploma through the Institute of Brewing and Distilling. [8] She was certified as a trainer for the Institute, becoming the first black African to be accredited. [2] Nxusani-Mawela was also the first person in South Africa to complete the NQF6 National Diploma in Clear Fermented Beverages through FoodBev SETA. [7] [10] [11] She earned a certification to judge beer from the Beer Judge Certification Program (based in the United States). [4]
She first experienced brewing at various family events where traditional beer, known as umqombothi, is often drunk, and began professionally brewing in 2007. [2] [6] Throughout her career, she has found ways to incorporate non-Western ingredients and techniques; reflecting on her work at SABMiller she said “I was busy mastering the art of Western brewing, while knowing nothing about what we as Africans have been brewing for generations." [10] She enrolled at the University of South Africa (UNISA) where she participated in the short course “Thought Leadership for Africa’s Renewal," offered through the Thabo Mbeki African Leadership Institute (TMALI) in partnership with the Thabo Mbeki Foundation." [10] The principal goal of TMALI is to "train Africans for the political, economic, social and cultural renewal of the African continent and its people." [12]
Nxusani-Mawela worked at SABMiller for 8 years, working as brand brewer, brewery manager, project brewer, and craft brewer. [6] She left in 2014 and partnered with Hoggshead to start Brewhogs Microbrewery in Kyalami, where she was brewmaster and co-owner. [2] [13] While at Brewhogs, she brewed a pilsner, a red lager, an India Pale Lager (IPL) and a black IPL. [14] In 2017, she sold her shares at Brewhogs to focus on her own company, Brewsters Craft. [6] While there she also made Loxton Lager, a lager brewed with honey, buchu, and fynbos herbs. [8]
In 2015, she opened, Brewsters Craft, which provides training, quality analysis and consultant services to the South Africa brewing industry. [7] The company’s academy is accredited by the FoodBev SETA to offer NQF3 brewing qualifications and internships; they are accredited by the Institute of Brewing and Distilling to offer training towards the General Certificate in Brewing and Diploma in Brewing. [12] Brewsters Craft is based in Roodepoort, Johannesburg and is a 1000L contract brewing facility that offers accredited brewing training, quality testing services, and contract brewing. [15] [16] It is notable for being the first black female majority owned brewing company in South Africa. [17] The first beer she brewed there was a sorghum pilsner, which had the traditional taste and feel of umqombothi, but without it being thick." [10]
Brewsters Craft does contract manufacturing, but in 2019 launched own beer and cider brand, Tolokazi, which includes an alcohol-free beer. Tolokazi is Nxusani-Mawela's clan name, which she says "are like family names with more significance by the Xhosa people than a surname. Tolo is the clan name and women from that clan name are called Tolokazi." [11] Tolokazi uses indigenous African ingredients: their pilsner uses sorghum, lager and African pale ale use South African hops, rooibos in the cider, and hibiscus in the non-alcoholic beer. [11]
Nxusani-Mawela is involved more generally with the brewing profession as well. She is the Chairperson for the Institute of Brewing and Distilling, Africa Section and Distilling and the Beer Association of South Africa. [12] She is on the Board of Directors for both the Craft Brewers Association of South Africa and African Manufacturers Association; and was Chairperson of the Board for the Beer Association of South Africa. [17] [9] Further, to educate her community about traditional beer making and raise awareness about the industry, Nxusani-Mawela gives talks at high schools. [10] Through these key roles she has been able to advance brewing qualifications, especially for black women, across the African continent. [12]
Nxusani-Mawela is passionate about providing opportunities for women brewers in a male-dominated brewing industry. Reflecting on the role of women in brewing, Nxusani-Mawela said “The biggest stereotype is that brewing and beer are only for men. I am changing this notion by employing mainly women to help introduce more women into the industry.” [11] Traditionally, up to the 18th century, beer was brewed primarily by women. [18] "Like in any other industry, we need equal representation of women, she said, "we all face similar challenges [in opening a brewery] like licensing and funding. But for women, it’s more challenging because there are not as many women in the industry.” [16] In 2020, Nxusani-Mawela noted that "[o]ur struggles today are paving a path for the next generation of women in our workspace, so they do not have to go through what we went or are going through ... One day, having women in male-dominated fields will be the norm." [12]
She organized International Women's Collaboration Brew Day events and led the brewing process for the 2019 South African Breweries “Bold Brew” (also called Brewing the Bold) beer, which was a limited edition beer designed and brewed by women and released on International Women's Day. [15] [16] [18] The beer’s ingredients were selected by a poll on the South African Breweries' social media pages and made by five women in the industry. [15] [18] [3] Of this beer, Pranisha Maharaj (SAB & AB InBev’s Corporate Reputation Manager), said “We wanted to make a beer that embodied the characteristics of strong, independent women." [18]
The Miller Brewing Company is an American brewery and beer company in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. It was founded in 1855 by Frederick Miller. Molson Coors acquired the full global brand portfolio of Miller Brewing Company in 2016, and operates the Miller Brewery at the site of the original Miller Brewing Company complex.
South African Breweries is a major brewery headquartered in Johannesburg, South Africa and was a wholly owned subsidiary of SABMiller until its interests were sold to Anheuser-Busch InBev on 10 October 2016. South African Breweries is now a direct subsidiary of Anheuser-Busch InBev SA/NV.
Big Rock Brewery is a Canadian public company and the largest brewery that is based in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Additional brewing operations are located in Vancouver, British Columbia; Etobicoke, Ontario; and Liberty Village in Toronto, Ontario. Big Rock distributes a variety of beers and ciders throughout Canada.
Grolsch Brewery , known simply as Grolsch, is a Dutch brewery founded in 1615 by Willem Neerfeldt in Groenlo. In 1895 the de Groen family bought the brewery. They had started their own brewery in Enschede the Netherlands in the early 19th century. It held a significant stake until November 2007. Today the main brewery is located in Enschede.
SABMiller plc was a South African multinational brewing and beverage company headquartered in Woking, England on the outskirts of London until 10 October 2016 when it was acquired by AB InBev. Prior to that date, it was the world's second-largest brewer measured by revenues and was also a major bottler of Coca-Cola. Its brands included Foster's, Miller, and Pilsner Urquell. It operated in 80 countries worldwide and in 2009 sold around 21 billion litres of beverages. Since 10 October 2016, SABMiller is a business division of AB InBev, a Belgian multinational corporation with headquarters in Leuven.
Foster's Group Pty. Ltd. was an Australian beer group with interests in brewing and soft drinks, known for Foster's Lager, now called Carlton & United Breweries since the company was renamed in 2011. Foster's was founded in 1888 in Melbourne, Victoria by two American brothers, who sold the brewery a year later.
Castle Brewery is one of the oldest commercial breweries in South Africa. As company-endorsed legend would have it, the company was founded by Charles Glass in Johannesburg in 1894. UCT history professor Anne Kelk Mager has argued that the official SAB story overemphasized the role of Charles and that it was his wife Lisa Glass who was primarily responsible for the creation of Castle. It later merged with other breweries to form South African Breweries, which still later merged with Miller of the United States to form SABMiller.
Full Sail Brewing Company is a craft brewery in Hood River, Oregon, United States. Founded in 1987, Full Sail was the first commercially successful craft brewery to bottle beer in the Pacific Northwest for retail sale, and one of Oregon's early microbreweries. The first beer packaged was Full Sail Golden Ale, followed in 1988 by Full Sail Imperial Porter, Full Sail Amber Ale, and Wassail Winter Ale.
The Asahi Group Holdings, Ltd. is a Japanese beverage holding company headquartered in Sumida, Tokyo.
Plzeňský Prazdroj, a. s., known in English as the Pilsner Urquell Brewery, is a Czech brewery opened in 1842 and headquartered in Plzeň, Czech Republic. It was the first brewery to produce pale lager, branded as Pilsner Urquell, which became so popular and was so much copied that more than two-thirds of the beer produced in the world today is pale lager, sometimes named pils, pilsner and pilsener after Pilsner Urquell. The brewery name, Pilsner Urquell, which can be roughly translated into English as "the original source at Pilsen", was adopted as a trademark in 1898. Pilsner Urquell is the largest producer and exporter of beer in the Czech Republic.
SABMiller was one of the top five global brewing companies, and had a range of over 150 beers, including international beers such as Pilsner Urquell, and Miller Genuine Draft, and local ones such as Gambrinus and Castle Milk Stout.
King Brewery was a brewery in Nobleton, Ontario, Canada which won a number of awards. It operated in a traditional German style, producing lagers. Owner and brewmaster Philip DiFonzo gained input from over 200 bars, pubs, taverns, and restaurants before launching in July 2002 with a single Czech-style Bohemian Pilsner. King Brewery's 20 hectolitre brewhouse with a steam-fired kettle was be one of very few authentic Decoction Brew houses in Canada. This popular method of brewing in Germany is rare in Canada as it takes longer and is a more expensive brewing process.
Anheuser-Busch InBev SA/NV, commonly known as AB InBev, is a Belgian multinational drink and brewing company based in Leuven, Belgium and is the largest brewer in the world. AB InBev has a global functional management office in New York City, and regional headquarters in São Paulo, London, St. Louis, Mexico City, Bremen, Johannesburg, and others. It has approximately 630 beer brands in 150 countries.
This article discusses beer in Central America.
Dreher (Kőbánya) Brewery in Budapest is owned by Asahi Breweries. Its main products are the Dreher Gold, Arany Ászok and Kőbányai Világos pilsener-style lagers but it also brews Dreher Bak, a full-bodied dark beer with a slight taste of caramel.
Beer and alcohol is an integral part of Tanzanian society and local brands hold a strong sense of national pride among the Tanzanian population. There is a considerable amount of brewing and drinking done in the country. Tanzania ranks 6th in Africa for beer consumption and contributes to over 3% of the African consumption. However, over 90% of the national consumption is either homemade or from the informal sector. Bottled beer is expensive for the majority of the population and is almost 6 times more expensive than the maize beers. Nonetheless, beer sales and taxes are a vital part of the Tanzanian economy.
Annie Johnson is a brewer who won the American Homebrewers Associations' Homebrewer of the Year award in 2013. She was the first woman in thirty years, and the first African American person ever, to win the award. In 2012, she won Pilsner Urquell's Master Homebrewer Competition held in San Francisco, where Master Brewer Vaclav Berka ) said the beer tasted like he was home. After an extensive career with the California State Legislature she began working for PicoBrew, a product development company in Seattle, WA that specializes in automated brewing equipment. In addition to that work, she is a Nationally ranked judge for the Beer Judge Certification Program as well as proctoring and grading exams. Shortly after she had heard about winning the AHA 2013 award she quickly accepted her job offer to be part of PicoBrew’s recipe developer. She's an active member of Pink Boots Society which promotes women as beer professionals in the beer industry.
Women have been active in brewing since ancient times. Though Western societies have viewed brewing as a male-dominated field for the last 150 years, traditionally, it was an activity engaged in by women. Ethnographic and archaeological studies have shown that brewing was an outcropping of gathering or baking traditions, which were predominantly women's roles throughout the world. From the earliest evidence of brewing in 7000 BCE, until the commercialization of brewing during industrialization, women were the primary brewers on all inhabited continents. In many cultures, the deities, goddesses and protectors of brewers were female entities who were associated with fertility.
Carol Stoudt is an American brewmaster who founded Stoudts Brewing Company in Adamstown, Pennsylvania in 1987. In addition to owning the company, she was the brewmaster, salesperson, and mentor. She was one of the first female brewmasters since Prohibition in the United States and the nation's first female sole proprietor of a brewery in 1987.
Rebecca Bennett has worked in various brewmaster positions at Anheuser-Busch InBev, most recently as a senior quality manager in Baldwinsville, New York. She also held the assistant brewmaster post (2015–2018) at the Baldwinsville facility and previously was a product development specialist (2010–2015) and group manager (2005–2010 at the St. Louis, Missouri, facility. She graduated from Purdue University with a bachelor's degree in chemical engineering in 2005.