Bosnia and Herzegovina, sometimes known as Bosnia-Herzegovina and informally as Bosnia, is a country in Southeast Europe, situated on the Balkan Peninsula. It borders Serbia to the east, Montenegro to the southeast, and Croatia to the north and southwest. In the south it has a 20 kilometres long coast on the Adriatic Sea, with the town of Neum being its only access to the sea. Bosnia has a moderate continental climate with hot summers and cold, snowy winters. In the central and eastern regions, the geography is mountainous, in the northwest it is moderately hilly, and in the northeast it is predominantly flat. Herzegovina, the smaller, southern region, has a Mediterranean climate and is mostly mountainous. Sarajevo is the capital and the largest city.
Bosnia and Herzegovina is a country in Southeast Europe on the Balkan Peninsula. It has had permanent settlement since the Neolithic Age. By the early historical period it was inhabited by Illyrians and Celts. Christianity arrived in the 1st century, and by the 4th century the area became part of the Western Roman Empire. Germanic tribes invaded soon after, followed by Slavs in the 6th century.
Republika Srpska is one of the two entities of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the other being the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is located in the north and the east of the country and has a population of 1,228,423 people as of the 2013 census. Its largest city and administrative centre is Banja Luka, lying on the Vrbas river, and with a population of about 138,963 people.
The convertible mark is the currency of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is divided into 100 Pfenig or Fening (Пфениг/Фенинг) and locally abbreviated KM. While the currency and its subunits are uniform for both constituent polities of Bosnia and Herzegovina, namely the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (FBiH) and Republika Srpska (RS), the designs of the KM 10, KM 20, KM 50, and KM 100 banknotes are differentiated for each polity.
Education in Bosnia and Herzegovina has a long history, the first classifiable higher-education institution having been established a school of Sufi philosophy by Gazi Husrev-beg in 1531, with numerous other religious schools following suit over time. In 1887, under de facto Austro-Hungarian Empire control, a Sharia Law School began a five-year program. In the 1940s the University of Sarajevo became the city's first secular higher education institute. In the 1950s post-bachelaurate graduate degrees became available. Severely damaged during the war, it was recently rebuilt in partnership with more than 40 other universities. There are various other institutions of higher education, including: University of Banja Luka, University of Mostar, University of Tuzla, University of Zenica, University of East Sarajevo, University Džemal Bijedić of Mostar, University of Bihać, American University in Bosnia and Herzegovina, etc.
The Republika Srpska was a self-proclaimed statelet in Southeastern Europe under the control of the Army of Republika Srpska during the Bosnian War. It claimed to be a sovereign state, though this claim was only partially recognized by the Bosnian government in the Geneva agreement, the United Nations, and FR Yugoslavia. For the first six months of its existence, it was known as the Serbian Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
In Bosnia and Herzegovina, the smallest administrative unit is the municipality. Prior to the 1992–95 Bosnian War there were 109 municipalities in what was then Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Ten of these formed the area of the capital Sarajevo.
The National Museum of Bosnia and Herzegovina is located in central Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Art of Bosnia and Herzegovina refers to artistic objects created by the inhabitants of Bosnia and Herzegovina from prehistory to present times.
The Xoraxane in Bosnia and Herzegovina are the largest of the 17 national minorities in the country, although—due to the stigma attached to the label—this is often not reflected in statistics and censuses.
Report about Case Srebrenica (the first part) was a controversial official report on the July 1995 Srebrenica massacre in eastern Bosnia and Herzegovina. It was prepared by Darko Trifunović and published by the Republika Srpska Government Bureau for Relations with the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY).
The National Gallery of Bosnia and Herzegovina is a national gallery of art in Bosnia and Herzegovina, located in Sarajevo. The gallery was established on October 11, 1946, and contains over 6000 pieces of art. Its main focus are the works of Bosnian and Herzegovinian interest. The gallery was open and held exhibitions during the whole period of the siege of Sarajevo and the Bosnian war in 1992-1995. However, afterwards it received considerably less funding due to the failure of the government of Bosnia and Herzegovina to recognize the gallery as a national institution.
Roman Petrović was a Yugoslav painter and writer. He belongs to the generation of artists who created the history of Bosnian-Herzegovinian painting between the two world wars.
Marian Barbara Wenzel was a British artist and art historian. She dedicated most of her active career to research of Bosnian-Herzegovinian art and cultural history.
The Archives of Republika Srpska is an administrative organisation within the Ministry of Education and Culture of Republika Srpska, one of two constituent entities of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Archives' headquarters is in Banja Luka, and it has its regional offices in Doboj, Zvornik, Foča, Sokolac, and Trebinje. Its aim is to collect, store, preserve, organise, research, and provide access to archival materials on the territory of Republika Srpska, where it is designated as a central institution for the protection of cultural heritage. The Archives is also involved in research projects, exhibitions, and in the publishing of books and scholarly papers, mostly in the fields of archival science, history, and law. It is organised into two sectors, which are responsible for the protection of archival materials within and outside the Archives, respectively. The Archives currently holds 794 fonds and 35 collections, which span the period from the 17th century to the modern day.
Adamir Jerković is a Bosnian-Herzegovinian academic, a doctor of sociology and history, essayist, and publicist with an extensive experience in the field of journalism. He is the author of numerous political commentaries. He served as an advisor to the first President of Bosnia and Herzegovina Alija Izetbegović. He held important political, state and economic posts, including those of the Secretary of the Municipal Conference of the Socialist Alliance of Working People of Zenica, Advisor to the Government of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Assistant to the General Director of BH Pošte, Director of the Archives of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, President of the Administrative Board of the Poštanska /Post Bank, and performed many other duties. He is the Secretary General of the Bosniak Academy of Sciences and Arts. He is the author of numerous books, essays, and articles.
AntiDayton is a patriotic movement and advocacy group in Bosnia and Herzegovina that promotes the restoration of the legal 1992 constitution, with the goals of creating a unitary state governed under one president, promoting Bosnian-Herzegovinian heritage, strong opposition against the Dayton Agreement, and advocating for remembrance of genocide victims from the 1991–1995 Bosnian War and campaigning for truth and justice against war criminals.
The Gallery 11/07/95 is a memorial art gallery located in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is a public institution dedicated to preserving the memory of the Srebrenica genocide. It was established on 12 July 2012 by a team headed by Bosnian photographer Tarik Samarah in cooperation with the governments of the Sarajevo Canton and the Republic of Turkey. The gallery is housed in an Austro-Hungarian building overlooking the Sacred Heart Cathedral.
Museum of Literature and Theater Arts of Bosnia and Herzegovina is a literary art museum in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. It was established under the name Museum of Literature of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1961 on the idea of then curator of literary collections in the Museum of Sarajevo, writer Razija Handžić, the future director. In 1970, the Theater Department was founded and added to the Museum of Literature.
The Borak necropolis with stećaks is located in Bosnia and Herzegovina on the hill of Borak, next to the village of Burati, at an altitude of 140m. To the right of the main road Sokolac-Rogatica. The national monument is located in the location that includes Kramer village, Rogatica municipality. 212 visible stećaks were recorded at the necropolis, of which the greater number are oriented in the east–west direction, and the smaller number are in the north–south direction.
