Ardessa

Last updated

Ardessa is a short story by Willa Cather. It was first published in Century in May 1918. [1]

Willa Cather American writer and novelist

Willa Sibert Cather was an American writer who achieved recognition for her novels of frontier life on the Great Plains, including O Pioneers! (1913), The Song of the Lark (1915), and My Ántonia (1918). In 1923 she was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for One of Ours (1922), a novel set during World War I.

Contents

Plot summary

An uppity woman, Ardessa, walks into the offices of "The Outcry", a weekly magazine. Later, she tells off Becky for her shoddy jobs, although it could be said she is bullying her. Miss Kalski gives her tickets for a show and Ardessa only lets her off because Mr Henderson will agree. Ardessa then goes on holiday and gets Miss Milligan to do her job whilst she is away. However, Marcus finds out Becky could be doing a better job and gets her to do it instead. When Ardessa is back, she is told to move to the business department, where she is humbled by Miss Kalski and Mr Henderson.

Characters

Goldfield, Nevada Census-designated place in Nevada, United States

Goldfield is an unincorporated community and the county seat of Esmeralda County, Nevada. It is a census-designated place, with a resident population of 268 at the 2010 census, down from 440 in 2000. Goldfield is located 247 miles (398 km) southeast of Carson City, along U.S. Route 95.

South Dakota State of the United States of America

South Dakota is a U.S. state in the Midwestern region of the United States. It is named after the Lakota and Dakota Sioux Native American tribes, who compose a large portion of the population and historically dominated the territory. South Dakota is the seventeenth largest by area, but the fifth smallest by population and the 5th least densely populated of the 50 United States. As the southern part of the former Dakota Territory, South Dakota became a state on November 2, 1889, simultaneously with North Dakota. Pierre is the state capital and Sioux Falls, with a population of about 183,200, is South Dakota's largest city.

Allusions to actual history

Allusions to other works

Sarah Bernhardt French actress

Sarah Bernhardt was a French stage actress who starred in some of the most popular French plays of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, including La Dame Aux Camelias by Alexandre Dumas, fils, Ruy Blas by Victor Hugo, Fédora and La Tosca by Victorien Sardou, and L'Aiglon by Edmond Rostand. She also played male roles, including Shakespeare's Hamlet. Rostand called her "the queen of the pose and the princess of the gesture", while Hugo praised her "golden voice". She made several theatrical tours around the world, and was one of the first prominent actresses to make sound recordings and to act in motion pictures.

William Shakespeare English playwright and poet

William Shakespeare was an English poet, playwright and actor, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's greatest dramatist. He is often called England's national poet and the "Bard of Avon". His extant works, including collaborations, consist of approximately 39 plays, 154 sonnets, two long narrative poems, and a few other verses, some of uncertain authorship. His plays have been translated into every major living language and are performed more often than those of any other playwright.

Francis Bacon English philosopher and statesman

Francis Bacon, 1st Viscount St Alban, was an English philosopher and statesman, who served as Attorney General and as Lord Chancellor of England. His works are credited with developing the scientific method, and remained influential through the scientific revolution.

Literary significance and criticism

The story was written by Cather solely to earn money while she was writing My Ántonia . [2] It was informed by her own journalistic experience at McClure's and her subsequent 'caustic' stance towards muckrakers. [3] It was also influenced by her work for the Home Monthly and the Pittsburgh Leader . [4]

<i>My Ántonia</i> novel by Willa Cather

My Ántonia is a novel published in 1918 by American writer Willa Cather, considered one of her best works. It is the final book of her "prairie trilogy" of novels, preceded by O Pioneers! and The Song of the Lark.

<i>McClures</i> American illustrated monthly periodical 1893-1929

McClure's or McClure's Magazine (1893–1929) was an American illustrated monthly periodical popular at the turn of the 20th century. The magazine is credited with having started the tradition of muckraking journalism, and helped direct the moral compass of the day.

Home Monthly was a monthly women's magazine published in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in the late 19th century.

Critics have added that she might have identified with either Becky [5] or Kalski. [6] The story has been construed as an attack on the American standardization that Cather hated. [7]

Related Research Articles

The Burglar's Christmas is a short story by Willa Cather. It was first published in Home Monthly in 1896 under the pseudonym of Elizabeth L. Seymour, her cousin's name.

"Nanette: An Aside" is a short story by Willa Cather. It was first published in Courier on 31 July 1897 and one month later in Home Monthly.

Uncle Valentine is a short story by Willa Cather. It was first published in Woman's Home Companion in February 1925.

Double Birthday is a short story by Willa Cather. It was first published in The Forum in February 1929.

Consequences is a short story by Willa Cather. It was first published in McClure's in November 1915.

The Bookkeeper's Wife is a short story by Willa Cather. It was first published in Century in May 1916.

Her Boss is a short story by Willa Cather. It was first published in Smart Set in October 1919.

Coming, Eden Bower! is a short story by Willa Cather. It was first published in Smart Set in August 1920, and it was republished in Youth and the Bright Medusa under the title of Coming, Aphrodite, with minor alterations.

The Bohemian Girl is a short story by Willa Cather. It was written when Cather was living in Cherry Valley, New York, with Isabelle McClung whilst Alexander's Bridge was being serialised in McClure's. It was first published in McClure's in August 1912.

On the Divide is a short story by Willa Cather. It was first published in Overland Monthly in January 1896.

The Count of Crow's Nest is a short story by Willa Cather. It was first published in Home Monthly in October 1896.

"A Resurrection" is a short story by American writer Willa Cather. It was first published in Home Monthly in April 1897.

"The Prodigies" is a short story by Willa Cather. It was first published in Home Monthly in July 1897.

Eleanor's House is a short story by Willa Cather. It was first published in McClure's in October 1907.

The Affair at Grover Station is a short story by Willa Cather. It was first published in Library in June 1900 in two installments, and reprinted in the Lincoln Courier one month later.

The Profile is a short story by Willa Cather. It was first published in McClure's in June 1907.

The Namesake is a short story by Willa Cather. It was first published in McClure's in March 1907.

The Treasure of Far Island is a short story by Willa Cather. It was first published in New England Magazine in October 1902.

The Professor's Commencement is a short story by Willa Cather. It was first published in New England Magazine in June 1902

Bernice Slote, a Willa Cather scholar, was a professor of English at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln.

References

  1. Uncle Valentine and Other Stories: Willa Cather's Uncollected Short Fiction, 1915-29, University of Nebraska Press; Dec 1973, page 115
  2. James Leslie Woodress, Willa Cather - A Literary Life, University of Nebraska Press, 1989, page 286
  3. Hermione Lee, Willa Cather: Double Lives, New York: Pantheon, 1989, pp. 63-65
  4. Sheryl L. Meyering, A Reader's Guide to the Short Stories of Willa Cather, G.K. Hall & Co, 1995, p.4
  5. Bernice Slote, 'Introduction', Willa Cather, Uncle Valentine and Other Stories: Willa Cather's Uncollected Short Fiction, 1915-1929, Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1973, pp. xii-xiii
  6. Marilyn Arnold, Willa Cather's Short Fiction, Athens: Ohio University Press, 1984, p. 102
  7. Edward A. Bloom and Lillian D. Bloom, Willa Cather's Gift of Sympathy, Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1962, p. 86