Azerbaijan, officially the Republic of Azerbaijan, is a country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia. Located at the crossroads of Eastern Europe and Western Asia, it is bounded by the Caspian Sea to the east, the Russian republic of Dagestan to the north, Georgia to the northwest, Armenia and Turkey to the west, and Iran to the south.
Azerbaijan, officially the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic, also referred to as Soviet Azerbaijan, was one of the constituent republics of the Soviet Union between 1922 and 1991. Created on 28 April 1920 when Soviet Russia brought pro-Soviet figures to power in the region, the first two years of the Azerbaijani SSR were as an independent country until incorporation into the Transcausasian SFSR, along with the Armenian SSR and the Georgian SSR.
Stepan Georgevich Shaumian was a Bolshevik revolutionary and politician active throughout the Caucasus. Shahumyan was an ethnic Armenian and his role as a leader of the Russian revolution in the Caucasus earned him the nickname of the "Caucasian Lenin", a reference to the leader of the Russian Revolution, Vladimir Lenin.
Ayaz Niyazi oglu Mutallibov is an Azerbaijani politician who served as the first president of Azerbaijan. He was the last leader of Soviet Azerbaijan, and the first President of independent Azerbaijan from August 1991 until May 1992.
Aghstafa is a rayon in the northwestern Azerbaijan.It has two farmland exclaves inside Armenia, Jaradollo both of which came under Armenian control during the Nagorno-Karabakh War.
The Azerbaijan Democratic Republic, also known as Azerbaijan People's Republic, or simply as Azerbaijan in Paris Peace Conference, 1919–1920, Caucasian Azerbaijan in some diplomatic documents abroad, was the third secular democratic republic in the Turkic world and Muslim world, after the Crimean People's Republic and Idel-Ural Republic. The ADR was founded by the Azerbaijani National Council in Tiflis on 28 May 1918 after the collapse of the Russian Empire. Its established borders were with Russia to the north, the Democratic Republic of Georgia to the north-west, the First Republic of Armenia to the west, and Iran to the south. It had a population of 2.86 million. Ganja was the temporary capital of the Republic as Baku was under Bolshevik control. The name of "Azerbaijan" which the leading Musavat party adopted, for political reasons, was, prior to the establishment of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic in 1918, exclusively used to identify the adjacent region of contemporary northwestern Iran.
The history of Azerbaijan covers the topics related to the history of the Republic of Azerbaijan, as well as the Azerbaijanis, and the regions historically, ethnically and geographically considered Azerbaijani.
The March Days, March Events, or March Genocide was a period of inter-ethnic strife and massacres of about 12,000 Azeris and other Muslim groups that took place between 30 March – 2 April 1918 in the city of Baku and adjacent areas of the Baku Governorate of the Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic.
Artsakh is located in the southern part of the Lesser Caucasus range, at the eastern edge of the Armenian Highlands, encompassing the highland part of the wider geographical region known as Karabakh. Under Russian and Soviet rule, the region came to be known as Nagorno-Karabakh, meaning "Mountainous Karabakh" in Russian. The name Karabakh itself was first encountered in Georgian and Persian sources from the 13th and 14th centuries to refer lowlands between Kura and Aras rivers and adjacent mountainous territory, both used by Turkic people as winter and summer pastures, respectively.
The Karabakh Council was an unrecognised government of Nagorno-Karabakh of eastern Armenia between 1918–1920. It was elected by the Karabakh Congress, the representative body of the people of Nagorno-Karabakh, on July 27, 1918. Initially it was called the People's Government of Karabakh, but in September, 1918 it was renamed into the Karabakh Council. The claims surrounding the council 1918-1920 are related to the historical Artsakh and the unrecognized modern "Republic of Artsakh" founded January 1992.
The Armenian–Azerbaijani War, which started after the Russian Revolution, was a series of conflicts in 1918, then from 1920 to 1922, that occurred during the brief independence of Armenia and Azerbaijan, and afterwards. Most of the conflicts did not have a principal pattern with a standard armed structure. The Ottoman Empire and British Empire were involved in different capacities: the Ottoman Empire left the region after the Armistice of Mudros but British influence continued until Dunsterforce was pulled back in the 1920s. The conflicts involved civilians in the disputed districts of Kazakh-Shamshadin, Zanghezur, Nakhchivan and Karabakh. The use of guerrilla and semi-guerrilla operations was the main reason for the high civilian casualties, which occurred during the nation-building activities of the newly established states.
Christianity in Azerbaijan is a minority religion. Christians who estimated between 280,000-450,000 (3.1%-4.8%) are mostly Russian and Georgian Orthodox and Armenian Apostolic. There is also a small Protestant Christian community most of them came from Muslim backgrounds.
The Akhundov Azerbaijan State Academic Opera and Ballet Theater, formerly known as the Mailov Theatre is an opera house in Baku, Azerbaijan. It was built in 1911.
Azerbaijan–Georgia relations refer to foreign relations between Azerbaijan and Georgia. Azerbaijan has an embassy in Tbilisi. Georgia has an embassy in Baku. Both countries were former Republics of the Soviet Union and are full members of the Council of Europe, the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) and the Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC). The two countries are among the founding members of GUAM.
The Baku pogrom was a pogrom directed against the ethnic Armenian inhabitants of Baku, Azerbaijan SSR. From January 12, 1990, a seven-day pogrom broke out against the Armenian civilian population in Baku during which Armenians were beaten, murdered, and expelled from the city. There were also many raids on apartments, robberies and arsons. According to the Human Rights Watch reporter Robert Kushen, "the action was not entirely spontaneous, as the attackers had lists of Armenians and their addresses". The pogrom of Armenians in Baku was one of the acts of ethnic violence in the context of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, directed against the demands of the Nagorno-Karabakh Armenians to secede from Azerbaijan and unify with Armenia.
Şahbulaq is a village and municipality in the Sharur Rayon of Nakhchivan, Azerbaijan. It is located 22 km away from the district center. The village is surrounded by mountains on all sides which form the border with Armenia. Its population mainly is busy with gardening and animal husbandry. Since 1988 the Şahbulaq village were subjected to incessant armed attacks by the Armenians, however all such attacks were prevented by a self-defence group. The new school has been built and the water pipeline was laid in the Şahbulaq village. There is also a library, club and a medical centre in the village. It has a population of 564.
Azadliq Square, in Baku is the biggest city-centre square in Azerbaijan. It lies next to Baku Boulevard.
Azerbaijani–Polish relations are foreign relations between Azerbaijan and Poland. The embassy of Poland opened in Azerbaijan on August 23, 2001, and the Azerbaijani Embassy in Poland on August 30, 2004. Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe and the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE).
Armenians once formed a sizable community in Baku, the current capital of the Republic of Azerbaijan. Though the date of their original settlement is unclear, Baku's Armenian population swelled during the 19th century, when it became a major center for oil production and offered other economic opportunities to enterprising investors and businessmen. Their numbers remained strong into the 20th century, despite the turbulence of the Russian Revolutions of 1917, but almost all the Armenians fled the city between 1988 and January 1990. By the beginning of January 1990, only 50,000 Armenians remained in Baku compared to a quarter million in 1988; most of these left after being targeted in a pogrom that occurred prior to the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the early stages of the Nagorno-Karabakh War.
The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Baku, Azerbaijan.
