In electroacoustic music, a loop is a repeating section of sound material. Short sections of material can be repeated to create ostinato patterns. A loop can be created using a wide range of music technologies including turntables, digital samplers, synthesizers, sequencers, drum machines, tape machines, delay units, or they can be programmed using computer music software.
Dub is a genre of electronic music that grew out of reggae in the 1960s, and is commonly considered a subgenre, though it has developed to extend beyond the scope of reggae. Music in this genre consists predominantly of instrumental remixes of existing recordings and is achieved by significantly manipulating and reshaping the recordings, usually by removing the vocals from an existing music piece, and emphasizing the drum and bass parts. Other techniques include dynamically adding extensive echo, reverb, panoramic delay, and occasional dubbing of vocal or instrumental snippets from the original version or other works. It was an early form of popular electronic music. The Roland Space Echo was widely used by dub producers in the 1970s to produce echo and delay effects.
Rude boy, rudeboy, rudie, rudi, and rudy are slang terms that originated in 1960s Jamaican street culture, and that are still used today. In the late 1970s, the 2 Tone ska revival in England saw the terms rude boy and rude girl, among other variations, being used to describe fans of that genre. This use of the word moved into the more contemporary Ska Punk movement as well. In the UK, the terms rude boy and rude girl are used in a similar way to gangsta or badman.
There are several subgenres of reggae music including various predecessors to the form.
The Black Ark was the recording studio of reggae and dub producer Lee "Scratch" Perry, built in 1973 and located behind his family's home in the Washington Gardens neighborhood of Kingston, Jamaica. Although the studio itself was somewhat rudimentary in its set-up and particularly basic with regard to some of the dated equipment employed by Perry, it was nonetheless the breeding ground for some of Jamaica's most innovative sounds and recording techniques in the latter half of the 1970s.
Auralux Recordings is a British record label which re-issues reggae music.
Dennis Bovell is a Barbados-born reggae guitarist, bass player and record producer, based in England. He was a member of the British reggae band Matumbi, and released dub-reggae records under his own name as well as the pseudonym Blackbeard. He is most widely known for his decades-spanning collaborations with Linton Kwesi Johnson.
Socialist Roots Hi-Fi was a prominent Jamaican reggae sound system and record label owned by Tony Welch in the 1970s and early 1980s. It was originally named King Attorney. The name changed in 1976 when Welch bought the set. Regular deejays included Ranking Trevor, U Brown, Jah Mikey and Nicodemus, alongside the regular selector Danny Dreadlocks. They received dub cuts from Bob Marley & The Wailers. After 1981, the group was known as Papa Roots Hi-Fi.
A sound clash is a musical competition where crew members from opposing sound systems pit their skills against each other. Sound clashes take place in a variety of venues, both indoors and outdoors, and primarily feature reggae, dancehall music. The object is to beat or "kill" their competitors.
One drop rhythm is a reggae style drum beat.
Byron Lee, OJ, CD, born Byron Aloysius St. Elmo Lee, was a Jamaican musician, record producer, and entrepreneur, best known for his work as leader of Byron Lee and the Dragonaires.
Tippatone was an early Jamaican sound system. Tippatone rose to prominence in the late 1960s, as the popularity of the second generation of sound systems decreased, and they were very popular in the early to mid-1970s. Their selector was Jah Wise, who had started as a "boxboy," carrying equipment for the act, and quickly became their selector.
Emperor Faith was an early Jamaican sound system from the Red Hills Area of Kingston, Jamaica, one of the most popular sounds of the early 1970s. The sound was run by Mikey Faith, who was Bob Marley's accountant. Emperor Faith worked with producers such as Clive Chin. They occupied the corner of Rosemary Lane and Tower Street and often performed in the house of Roy Anthony Johnson.
"007 " is a 1967 rocksteady song by Jamaican band Desmond Dekker and the Aces, released as a single from their debut album of the same name. It was also a hit for Musical Youth in 1983. "007 " has been called "the most enduring and archetypal" rude boy song. Its title and lyrics refer to the cool imagery of films such as the James Bond series and Ocean's 11, admired by "rudies."
Jamaica is an island in the Caribbean Sea, located 90 miles south of Cuba, and 100 miles southwest of Haiti. There exist several common stereotypes about Jamaican people.
Leo Graham is a Jamaican singer.
Subharmonic was an independent record label based in New York City. It primarily issued music with strong ambient and dub music influence. Its sub-label was Strata Records, which issued all its albums in an opaque black container. The label was founded in 1993 by music producers Bill Laswell, John Matarazzo and Robert Soares. A falling out with Matarazzo occurred during the mid-nineties, effectively ending the label's activities.
Graeme Goodall was an Australian recording engineer and record label owner who was a key figure in the early days of Jamaica's recording industry, constructing several of the Island's studios, co-founding Island Records, and operating other labels in the United Kingdom releasing Jamaican music.
Cannabis in Jamaica is illegal, but possession of small amounts was reduced to a petty offense in 2015. Cannabis is locally known as ganja, and internationally cannabis consumption plays a prominent role in the nation's public image, being tied to cultural touchstones such as Rastafari and reggae music.
Rockfort is a community in Kingston, Jamaica that is bounded by Long Mountain range to the north, the sea and Springfield Gardens to the south, Mountain View and Rollington Town to the west, and Harbour View to the east.
