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The Final Solution or the Final Solution to the Jewish Question was a Nazi plan for the genocide of individuals they defined as Jews during World War II. The "Final Solution to the Jewish question" was the official code name for the murder of all Jews within reach, which was not restricted to the European continent. This policy of deliberate and systematic genocide starting across German-occupied Europe was formulated in procedural and geopolitical terms by Nazi leadership in January 1942 at the Wannsee Conference held near Berlin, and culminated in the Holocaust, which saw the murder of 90% of Polish Jews, and two-thirds of the Jewish population of Europe.
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Catholic resistance to Nazi Germany was a component of German resistance to Nazism and of Resistance during World War II. The role of the Catholic Church during the Nazi years remains a matter of much contention. From the outset of Nazi rule in 1933, issues emerged which brought the church into conflict with the regime and persecution of the church led Pope Pius XI to denounce the policies of the Nazi Government in the 1937 papal encyclical Mit brennender Sorge. His successor Pius XII faced the war years and provided intelligence to the Allies. Catholics fought on both sides in World War II and neither the Catholic nor Protestant churches as institutions were prepared to openly oppose the Nazi State.
After the German invasion of Poland in World War II and the division of Poland between Germany and the Soviet Union, many yeshivas that had previously been part of Poland found themselves under Soviet communist rule, which did not tolerate religious institutions. The yeshivas therefore escaped to Vilnius in Lithuania on the advice of Rabbi Chaim Ozer Grodzinski. In Lithuania, the yeshivas were able to function fully for over a year and many of the students survived the Holocaust because of their taking refuge there, either because they managed to escape from there or because they were ultimately deported to other areas of Russia that the Nazis did not reach. Many students, however, did not manage to escape and were killed by the Nazis or their Lithuanian collaborators.
References
- ↑ "Four JTA Reporters Honored by Jewish Press Association". March 20, 2015. Retrieved October 16, 2023.
- ↑ "Windham World Affairs Council to host talk with author Arthur Magida". Brattleboro Reformer. December 9, 2020.
- ↑ "The Nazi Séance: The Strange Story of The Jewish Psychic in Hitler's Circle | Jewish Book Council". www.jewishbookcouncil.org. October 12, 2011.
- ↑ "The Rabbi and the Hit Man: A True Tale of Murder, Passion, and the Shattered Faith of a Congregation by Arthur J. Magida". PublishersWeekly.com. Retrieved October 16, 2023.
- ↑ "PROPHET OF RAGE | Kirkus Reviews" – via www.kirkusreviews.com.
- ↑ Judis, John B. (August 18, 1996). "Maximum Leader" – via NYTimes.com.
- ↑ "Code Name Madeleine: A Sufi Spy in Nazi-Occupied Paris | Jewish Book Council". www.jewishbookcouncil.org. October 12, 2020.
