JoséDaniel Ortega Saavedra is a Nicaraguan politician and the 58th president of Nicaragua since 10 January 2007. Previously,he was leader of Nicaragua from 18 July 1979 to 25 April 1990,first as Coordinator of the Junta of National Reconstruction from 19 July 1979 to 10 January 1985,and then as the 54th president from 10 January 1985 to 25 April 1990. During his first term,he implemented policies to achieve leftist reforms across Nicaragua. In later years,Ortega's left-wing radical politics cooled significantly,leading him to pursue pro-business policies and even rapprochement with the Catholic Church. However,in 2022,Ortega resumed repression of the Church,and has imprisoned prelate Rolando JoséÁlvarez Lagos.
The Supreme Justice Tribunal is the highest court of law in the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela and is the head of the judicial branch. As the independence of the Venezuelan judiciary under the regime of Nicolás Maduro is questioned,there have recently been many disputes as to whether this court is legitimate.
General Humberto Ortega Saavedra was a Nicaraguan revolutionary,military leader,writer and businessman. One of the nine members of the National Directorate of the Sandinista National Liberation Front,he co-founded the Tercerista tendency and was the "major theorist" of the urban insurrection strategy that toppled the Somoza family dictatorship. A four-star general,Ortega was minister of defense from 1980 to 1995,between the victory of the Sandinista revolution in 1979 under the National Reconstruction Government,through the first presidency of his brother Daniel Ortega,and into the presidency of Violeta Chamorro who defeated Daniel Ortega in 1990. He was also chief of the army,overseeing its transformation from the partisan Sandinista Popular Army (EPS) to the professionalized Nicaraguan Armed Forces under civilian control. Later in life he spoke out against repression by his brother's government. Hours after a May 2024 interview in which he sharply criticized his brother,Humberto Ortega was placed under house arrest. The following month,he was transferred to a military hospital where he died in September 2024.
Jaime Aparicio Otero is the Bolivian Permanent Representative to the Organization of American States and was Bolivian Agent to the International Court of Justice,in the Hague,in the process against Chile related to the Silala waters. Ambassador Aparicio is a career diplomat,lawyer,journalist and a Washington-based legal and political advisor. He was also a political analyst working in international public and corporate affairs in Latin America,the Caribbean,North America,and Europe. He has a Law Degree from the Higher University of San Andrés of La Paz,the Bolivian Diplomatic Academy and the Institute d’Etudes Politiques commonly referred as Sciences Po de Paris.
Silvio Enrique Conrado Gómez was the Nicaraguan director of the Central American Bank for Economic Integration (BCIE) serving from 2002 until his death. He was an economist. In 2007,he was a member of the Special Commission for the Promotion of Investments (Pro-Nicaragua). He was widely regarded as the key individual in the management of the financial resources and the macroeconomic stability of Nicaragua. Since 2002,he was also a director of the Central Bank of Nicaragua,and served a term as its president from 2006 to 2010.
The 2018 Nicaraguan protests began on 18 April 2018 following a move by the government of Daniel Ortega to reform social security. Following the deaths of protesters,demonstrations intensified and grew into a large anti-Ortega movement seeking his removal from office.
Francisco Obadiah Campbell Hooker is the Nicaraguan Ambassador to the United States. He assumed the post in 2010;prior to that he served as deputy to the Central American Parliament. In March 2022,Campbell was also appointed Nicaraguan ambassador to the Organization of American States;he replaced ambassador Arturo McFields after McFields denounced the administration of President Daniel Ortega as a "dictatorship" following the widespread arrests and prosecution of aspiring 2021 presidential candidates and other opposition figures.
The 2018 Nicaraguan protests began on 18 April 2018 when demonstrators in several cities of Nicaragua began protests against the social security reforms decreed by President Daniel Ortega that increased taxes and decreased benefits. After five days of unrest in which nearly thirty people were killed,Ortega announced the cancellation of the reforms;however,the opposition has grown through the 2014–2018 Nicaraguan protests to denounce Ortega and demand his resignation,becoming one of the largest protests in his government's history and the deadliest civil conflict since the end of the Nicaraguan Revolution. On 29 September 2018,political demonstrations were declared illegal by President Ortega.
The following lists events in the year 2020 in Nicaragua.
General elections were held in Nicaragua on 7 November 2021 to elect the President,the National Assembly and members of the Central American Parliament.
The following lists events in the year 2021 in Nicaragua.
Hugo Torres Jiménez was a Nicaraguan Sandinista guerrilla and military leader who was a brigadier general in the Nicaraguan Armed Forces. During the Sandinista National Liberation Front effort to overthrow the Somoza family regime,Torres was the only guerrilla who participated in both the 1974 Christmas party raid that freed future President Daniel Ortega among other prisoners,and the 1978 raid on the National Palace,freeing another 60 political prisoners. In the late 1990s he became a critic of Ortega,leaving the FSLN to join the Sandinista Renovation Movement and later its successor the Democratic Renewal Union,serving as vice-president of both parties. In June 2021 he was part of a wave of arrests of opposition figures by the Ortega administration. He died the following February.
Rolando JoséÁlvarez Lagos is a Nicaraguan prelate of the Catholic Church. He has served as the Bishop of Matagalpa since 2011 and apostolic administrator of Estelísince 2021. He is a longtime opponent of the Nicaraguan President Daniel Ortega. In February 2023,after being held under house arrest for six months,he refused to join a group of political prisoners released into U.S. custody and was sentenced for treason to 26 years in prison. He was exiled to Vatican City in January 2024.
Nicaragua and Peru established diplomatic relations in 1857. The two countries have a shared history due to being part of the Spanish Empire. Both countries are members of the United Nations,the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States,the Latin Union,the Association of Academies of the Spanish Language,the Organization of American States,and the Organization of Ibero-American States.
Bernardo Arévalo,the president-elect of Guatemala,completed his transition to the presidency upon being sworn in on the 15th of January 2024. He became the candidate of Semilla in January 2020. Vice-president-elect Karin Herrera led Arévalo's transition team.
The revolving door effect is a term to describe the situation in which,while political prisoners are released,new imprisonments take place at the same time or within a few days,so that the number of political prisoners remains constant. The term was coined by Venezuelan activist Alfredo Romero,director of the NGO Foro Penal.
The Bachelet report is the name given from the press to reports presented between 2019 and 2022 by then-United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights,Michelle Bachelet,on the situation of the human rights in Venezuela,which was endorsed later by the United Nations Human Rights Council and opened the Independent International Fact-Finding Mission on Venezuela.
