The Associations Law was a law in Iraq, which legally regulated political parties. The law was promulgated on 1 January 1960. Prior to the adoption of this law, political parties had been banned since 1954. The law came into force on 6 January 1960 (Army Day). [1] [2]
Under this law, a party applying for legal status at the Ministry of Interior should have at least ten members (all Iraqi citizens) and at least 50 supporters. Article 4 of the law stated that an association registered under the law could not have goals that were incompatible with the independence and national unity of Iraq or the republican and democratic character of the state. [1]
On 9 January 1960, four political parties applied for registration under the new law; the National Democratic Party, the Democratic Party of Iraqi Kurdistan, main Iraqi Communist Party (i.e. the Itihad ash-Sha'ab group) and Daud as-Sayegh's splinter Iraqi Communist Party. On 2 February 1960 two more parties applied for recognition, the Islamic Party and the Hizb ut-Tahrir. On 11 February 1960 the Republican Party applied for recognition and on 29 June 1960 the National Progressive Party submitted its application. The parties awarded recognition were as-Sayegh's Communist Party, the National Democratic Party, the Democratic Party of Iraqi Kurdistan (all on 10 February 1960), the Islamic Party (26 April 1960) and the National Progressive Party (29 July 1960). The mainstream communists, Hizb ut-Tahrir and the Republican Party remained illegal entities. [3] The mainstream Communist Party tried to register itself a second time on 15 February 1960, under the name 'People's Unity Party', but were again turned down on 22 February 1960. [4]
Iraq is federal parliamentary representative democratic republic. It is a multi-party system whereby the executive power is exercised by the Prime Minister of the Council of Ministers as the head of government, as well as the President of Iraq, and legislative power is vested in the Council of Representatives.
Hizb ut-Tahrir is an international pan-Islamist and fundamentalist political organization which describes its ideology as Islam, and its aim the re-establishment of the Islamic caliphate to unite the Muslim community and implement Islamic law globally.
Al-Mabda' was a communist daily newspaper published from Baghdad, Iraq. The paper was founded by the dissident communist politician Daud as-Sayegh. The first issue of Al-Mabda' was published on 21 November 1959. The newspaper was allegedly supported by the government of Abd al-Karim Qasim. According to Neue Zürcher Zeitung, the Qassim government had issued a substantial loan to as-Sayegh for the sake of publishing al-Mabda'.
The Arab Socialist Revolutionary Ba'ath Party was a ba'athist political party, a splinter group from the Ba'ath Party. The party was led by Abdullah Rimawi and sponsored by the United Arab Republic.
The Arab Struggle Party was an underground Nasserist opposition group in Iraq. In mid-1960 the group distributed leaflets in various Iraqi cities, calling for an uprising against Abd al-Karim Qasim's rule. This caused further tensions between Abd al-Karim Qasim and the United Arab Republic (UAR), and as a result the UAR began to aid rebellions in Iraqi Kurdistan against the government.
Daud as-Sayegh was an Iraqi communist politician. As-Sayegh was a Christian lawyer from Mosul. He entered and left the Iraqi Communist Party several times during the 1940s and 1950s.
The Iraqi Communist Party of Daud as-Sayegh was a short-lived political party in Iraq, which existed parallel to the main Iraqi Communist Party. It emerged in 1960, after the enactment of the Associations Law. Daud as-Sayegh was the chairman of the party. The party published the daily newspaper al-Mabda'.
Ittihad ash-Sha'ab was a daily newspaper published from Baghdad, Iraq. Ittihad ash-Sha'ab was the main organ of the Iraqi Communist Party. Abd al-Qadir Isma'il al-Bustani was the editor-in-chief of Ittihad ash-Sha'ab.
Voting to elect three members of the Lebanese parliament took place in the Beirut II district on March 24, 1968, part of the national general election of that year. The constituency had 34,113 eligible voters, out of whom 17,004 voted.
Voting to elect two members of the Lebanese parliament took place in the Koura District in 1968, part of the national general election of that year. Both of the seats of the constituency were earmarked for the Greek Orthodox community. Koura District had 31,531 eligible voters, out of whom 13,753 voted. Three tickets contested the election. The election was marred by violent incidents and threats.
Voting to elect two members of the Lebanese parliament took place in the Bsharri District in 1968, part of the national general election of that year. Both of the seats of the constituency were earmarked for the Maronite community. Bsharri District had 32,814 eligible voters, out of whom 16,064 voted. Three separate tickets contested the election. The election was carried out without reports of violent incidents.
Voting to elect five members of the Lebanese parliament took place in Tripoli City in 1968, part of the national general election of that year. Four of the seats of the constituency were earmarked for the Sunni Muslim community, whilst the fifth seat was allocated to the Greek Orthodox community. The Tripoli City constituency had 64,913 eligible voters, out of whom 22,813 voted.
Voting to elect two members of the Lebanese parliament took place in the Batroun District in northern Lebanon in 1968, part of the national general election of that year. Both of the seats of the constituency were earmarked for the Maronite community. Batroun District had 24,331 eligible voters, out of whom 9,458 voted. It had the lowest number of eligible as well as actual voters of all constituencies in the country. Seven candidates contested the election. The constituency witnessed a clash of both organized political parties as well as family interests.
Voting to elect three members of the Lebanese parliament took place in the Zgharta District in northern Lebanon in 1968, part of the national general election of that year. All of the seats of the constituency were earmarked for the Maronite community. Zgharta District had 35,099 eligible voters, out of whom 13,412 voted.
Voting to elect four members of the Lebanese parliament took place in the Akkar District in 1968, part of the national general election of that year. Two of the seats of the constituency were earmarked for the Sunni Muslim community, one seat for the Greek Orthodox and one for the Maronites. Akkar was the most underdeveloped area of northern Lebanon, politically dominated by landlords. The elections were marred by accusations of vote-buying and minor violent incidents. The constituency had 71,899 eligible voters, out of whom 30,282 voted.
Hizb ut-Tahrir Britain is the British branch of Hizb ut-Tahrir, a transnational, pan-Islamist and fundamentalist group that seeks to re-establish "the Islamic Khilafah (Caliphate)" as an Islamic "superstate" where Muslim-majority countries are unified and ruled under Islamic Shariah law, and which eventually expands globally to include non-Muslim states such as Britain.