Astrid Fischel Volio (born March 26, 1954) is a Costa Rican historian and politician. [1]
Astrid Fischel Volio (born March 26, 1954) is a Costa Rican historian and politician. [1]
Astrid Fischel Volio was educated at the University of Costa Rica and the University of Southampton. From 1984 to 1998 she was Professor at the History and Geography School of the University of Costa Rica. [1]
From 1998 to 2002 she was First Vice President and Minister of Culture. She was appointed Minister of Education in 2002, but was forced to resign on 3 June 2003, amid a teachers' strike over the Ministry's inability to pay teachers. [2]
Rafael Ángel Calderón Fournier was President of Costa Rica from 1990 to 1994. He was the presidential candidate of the Social Christian Unity Party for the national elections held in February 2010, but resigned his candidacy on 5 October 2009, when he was sentenced to five years in prison for two counts of corruption.
Elizabeth Odio Benito is a lawyer and politician from Costa Rica. She served as President in the Inter-American Court of Human Rights from 2018 to 2020. She was a Vice-President of the International Criminal Court. She previously served as a judge on the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia, and in her home country of Costa Rica was twice appointed Justice Minister, later becoming Vice-President of the Republic. Her background is as an academic lawyer, specialising in the administration of justice and human rights, in particular the rights of women.
Carmen Lyra was the pseudonym of the first prominent female Costa Rican writer, born María Isabel Carvajal Quesada. She was a teacher and founder of the country's first Montessori school. She was a co-founder of the Communist Party of Costa Rica, as well as one of the country's first female worker's unions. She was one of the earliest writers to criticize the dominance of the fruit companies. She won many prizes.
Alberto Cañas Escalante was a politician, writer, intellectual, public servant, and journalist from San José, Costa Rica. He is known as one of the most important figures in the cultural, political, and social life of Costa Rica during the latter half of the twentieth century. The National Library System of Costa Rica credits Cañas with more than 4,773 publications as of 2005.
Fernando Volio Jiménez was a Costa Rican politician. He was a member of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights and served as foreign minister for a time. He was President of the Legislative Assembly of Costa Rica twice - 1968–1969 and 1987–1988.
Jorge Rossi Chavarría was a Costa Rican politician. He was a lawyer, businessman. He co-founded the National Liberation Party (PLN) with Jose Figueres. He was Vice President of Costa Rica from 1970 to 1974 and representative from 1986 to 1990.
The history of the Jews in Costa Rica dates back to the Spanish conquest with the arrival of many Sephardic converts known as Marranos who escaped from the Spanish Inquisition and settled mainly in the city of Cartago and its surroundings. They hid their Jewish past by all means, making even their descendants have no idea of it.
Trade unions in Costa Rica advocate for the rights of workers in Costa Rica. Dating back to the late 1800s, labor unions in the country have been a political force. They remain active in political and social life for many Costa Ricans.
Ángela Acuña Braun, also known as Ángela Acuña de Chacón,, a Costa Rican lawyer, women's rights pioneer and ambassador, was the first woman to graduate as a lawyer in Central America. Orphaned at the age of 12, she was raised by her maternal aunt and uncle, attending elementary school and beginning high school in Costa Rica. She continued her education in France and England, gaining exposure to the ideas of women's rights. Returning to Costa Rica in 1912, she published articles in support of women's equality. She attended the boys' lyceum or high school where she passed the bachillerato, a prerequisite for entering law school. She embarked on law studies in 1913, leading to a bachelor's degree in 1916. As women were barred from entering the profession, Acuña immediately presented a reform to the civil code allowing this, which was adopted.
Francisca Matilde Carranza Volío, better known as Matilde Carranza was a Costa Rican activist and teacher. She was the first Costa Rican woman to receive a doctorate in philosophy.
Estela Quesada (1924–2011) was a Costa Rican teacher, lawyer and politician. She was one of the first three women elected to the Costa Rican legislature in the first election after women attained enfranchisement. She was the first woman to hold a cabinet-level position in Costa Rica as Minister of Education and was later the first woman to serve as minister of Labor and Social Security. She was inducted into the National Women's Institute Gallery as an Outstanding Woman of Costa Rica in 2009.
Emma Gamboa Alvarado, was a Costa Rican educator, recognized for her contributions to pedagogy and teaching. She was declared Benemérita de la Patria by the Legislative Assembly of Costa Rica in 1980. She was depicted on the ten thousand colones bill of 1998.
María Teresa Obregón Zamora (1888-1956) was a teacher, suffragist and politician in Costa Rica. She was part of the group that formed the Asociación Nacional de Educadores (ANDE) and fought for women's enfranchisement. After winning the vote, she helped found the National Liberation Party of Costa Rica and was one of the first three women elected as a Deputy of the Legislative Assembly of Costa Rica. In 2002, Obregón was honored as one of the inaugural group of women inducted into La Galería de las Mujeres de Costa Rica.
Victoria Garrón de Doryan was a Costa Rican educator and writer. Most known for serving as Second Vice President of Costa Rica from 1986 to 1990. She was the first woman to hold the post and during her tenure was acting president of the country over a dozen times. As a writer, she produced numerous biographies of historical Costa Ricans, as well as poetry.
The Liberal State is the historical period in Costa Rica that occurred approximately between 1870 and 1940. It responded to the hegemonic dominion in the political, ideological and economic aspects of liberal philosophy. It is considered a period of transcendental importance in Costa Rican history, as it's when the consolidation of the National State and its institutions finally takes place.
The Reform State or Reformist State is a period in Costa Rican history characterized by a change in the political and economic paradigm. During this period, the country switched from the uncontrolled capitalism and laissez faire approach of the Liberal State into a more economically progressive Welfare State. The period ranges from approximately 1940, starting with the presidency of social reformer Rafael Angel Calderón Guardia, and ends around the 1980s with the neoliberal reforms inherent in the Washington Consensus that began after the government of Luis Alberto Monge.
The Dictatorship of the Tinoco brothers, also Tinochist or Peliquist Dictatorship, or Tinoco regime is the period of Costa Rica in which the military dictatorship led by Federico Tinoco Granados as de facto president and his brother José Joaquín Tinoco Granados as Minister of War was in place. It began after the 1917 Costa Rican coup d'état on January 27, 1917 and culminated with the departure of Tinoco from Costa Rica to France on August 13, 1919 three days after the murder of his brother and after a series of armed insurrections and massive civil protests known as the Sapoá Revolution and the 1919 student civic movement.
Giannina Segnini Picado is a Costa Rican journalist recognized for having uncovered two political scandals that led to convictions of former presidents – the ICE-Alcatel and Caja-Fischel cases. She has become a distinguished figure in Latin America for her work in investigative and data journalism.
María Amalia Revelo Raventós was a Costa Rican businesswoman and government minister. She served as Minister of Tourism from 2018 to 2020 and led the Instituto Costarricense de Turismo.
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