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Victor Ivanovich Balykin is a Russian physicist whose main contributions are in the field of atom optics. He and his associates first demonstrated laser cooling of neutral atoms in 1981.
The scanning helium microscope (SHeM) is a novel form of microscopy that uses low-energy (5–100 meV) neutral helium atoms to image the surface of a sample without any damage to the sample caused by the imaging process. Since helium is inert and neutral, it can be used to study delicate and insulating surfaces. Images are formed by rastering a sample underneath an atom beam and monitoring the flux of atoms that are scattered into a detector at each point.
The nucleon magnetic moments are the intrinsic magnetic dipole moments of the proton and neutron, symbols μp and μn. The nucleus of an atom comprises protons and neutrons, both nucleons that behave as small magnets. Their magnetic strengths are measured by their magnetic moments. The nucleons interact with normal matter through either the nuclear force or their magnetic moments, with the charged proton also interacting by the Coulomb force.
Immanuel Estermann was a Jewish German-born nuclear physicist and was professor at Carnegie Mellon University, University of Hamburg and Technion. Estermann is known for his lifelong collaboration with Otto Stern which pioneered the research on molecular beams in the 1920s. With Stern and Otto Robert Frisch, he also first measured the magnetic moment of the proton.
References
- ↑ Friedrich, Bretislav, and Dudley Herschbach. "Stern and Gerlach: How a bad cigar helped reorient atomic physics." Physics Today 56.12 (2003): 53-59.
- ↑ Estermann, Immanuel, and Otto Stern. "Beugung von molekularstrahlen." Zeitschrift für Physik 61.1-2 (1930): 95-125.
- ↑ Cronin, Alexander D.; Jörg Schmiedmayer; David E. Pritchard (2009). "Optics and interferometry with atoms and molecules" (PDF). Reviews of Modern Physics . 81 (3): 1051. arXiv: 0712.3703 . Bibcode:2009RvMP...81.1051C. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.81.1051. hdl:1721.1/52372. S2CID 28009912. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-19..
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