Web augmentation is the process of modifying or enriching existing web pages by adding new features, altering layouts, or injecting additional data at the client side. [1] [2] [3] Common methods include installing browser extensions, using userscripts (client-side scripts), or applying custom stylesheets. These techniques empower users to customize or enhance how they view and interact with online content. [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10]
A web augmentation platform is a framework or service that streamlines the creation, management, and distribution of augmented web experiences. These platforms often provide tools for non-technical users to apply customizations without needing deep programming knowledge. [19] [20]
A walled garden describes an online environment where a platform strictly controls or curates apps, content, and sometimes user modifications. Examples include Apple’s App Store or closed social media ecosystems, which limit or ban certain forms of augmentation for security or brand consistency reasons. [23] [24]
Different nations implement region-specific policies, creating a fragmented internet—sometimes referred to as the “Splinternet.” China’s Great Firewall or Russia’s data localization laws restrict external content or shape how users can access and modify information. These constraints can stifle or complicate web augmentation efforts that rely on unrestricted data flows. [25]
Groups such as the Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) argue that users have a right to control their own computing environment. [26] They see web augmentation as a manifestation of digital self-determination—particularly in places where platform or government controls are strict.
Malicious extensions and user scripts can harvest personal data, inject unwanted ads, or install malware. Browser vendors address these risks by reviewing extensions and warning users about unverified add-ons. [13]