Avesthagen

Last updated

Avesthagen Limited
Company type Public
Founded Bangalore, India, 1998
Founder Villoo Morawala-Patell
Headquarters
Bangalore
,
India
Website www.avesthagen.com

Avesthagen Limited is an integrated systems biology platform company headquartered in Bangalore, India. [1] [2] It was founded as an academic startup in 1998 by Villoo Morawala-Patell, a Rockefeller Fellow and grantee within NCBS-UAS, Bangalore. [3] Avesthagen started business operations on March 21, 2001 with Series-A round investment led by ICICI Ventures and Tata Industries. Villoo Morawala Patell, is the Chairperson and Managing Director of Avesthagen Limited.

Contents

Avestagenome Project

The Avestagenome Project, founded by Villoo Morawala Patell was created to identify genetic risk factors within the Parsi population that predispose individuals to cancers and high morbidity diseases. [4] Its database of genomic variants derived from the Parsi control population is used with other populations to identify early intervention and improve disease prevention strategies to deliver improved health outcomes. The endogamous Parsi community is characterized by greater longevity, fewer cases of lung, head, neck and esophageal cancers. At the same time, there is increased prevalence of Parkinson's [5] & Alzheimer's diseases, cardiovascular disease, breast [6] and prostate cancer, and male and female infertility. A pilot study by Avesthagen Limited into the prevalence of breast cancer biomarkers and metabolite signatures [7] indicated unique signatures that are currently undergoing further validation in larger cohorts

Since 2008, the Avestagenome Project has collected blood samples and extensive patient data from over 4,500 members of the Zoroastrian-Parsi community with a target of 15,000 Parsis globally by 2021. [8] The molecular basis of longevity and age-related disorders, prioritising cancers, cardiovascular disease, diabetes and neurological disorders will be investigated in this cohort specifically.

In 2019, this initiative received support by the Foundation for a Smoke-Free World of Philip Morris International. The Foundation for a Smoke-Free World has awarded Villoo Morawala-Patell a grant of 2.29M USD to explore “Cancer risk in smoking subjects assessed by next generation sequencing profile of circulating free DNA and RNA.” The work carried out at Avesthagen Limited will combine liquid biopsy, next-generation sequencing, bioinformatics, artificial intelligence and machine learning to identify predictive and early-stage biomarkers of cancers in smokers. The project will use non-Parsi smoker and non-smoker samples from the wider Indian and other populations to gain insights into the evidence behind such data. [9]

Recent publications

AGENOME-ZPMS-HV2a-1: The first complete Zoroastrian Parsi Mitochondrial Reference Genome

In a new paper, available on bioRxiv in 2020, [10] Avesthagen researchers characterized the genetic traits specific to the Zoroastrian-Parsi population—a community that has historically abstained from smoking. Because of this unique social practice, Zoroastrian-Parsi genes may help scientists characterize biomarkers predictive of diseases caused by tobacco use, such as lung, head and neck, and esophagus cancers.

To obtain a complete picture of population-specific variants, the Avesthagen team analyzed one hundred Zoroastrian-Parsi mitochondrial genomes [11] [12] to generate a “consensus genome.” This is a process that combines genetic information from a large number of individuals to determine the genetic traits typical to that population. The mitochondrial DNA of one hundred Zoroastrian-Parsi individuals sequenced created the “consensus mitochondrial genome” (AGENOME-ZPMCG V 1.0).

Dynamic Methylome Modification associated with mutational signatures in ageing and etiology of disease

In 2020, Avesthagen released a pre-print of their work on the whole genome methylation and variant analysis in one Zoroastrian-Parsi non-smoking individual, collected at an interval of 12 years apart on biorXiv titled "Dynamic Methylome Modification associated with mutational signatures in ageing and etiology of disease". The work identified 5258 disease relevant genes differentially methylated across this individual over 12 years and 24,948 genes corresponding to 4,58,148 variants specific to ZPMetG-Hv2a-1B, indicative of variants that accrued over time providing an understanding of the ageing methylome over time through the interplay between differentially methylated genes and variants in the etiology of disease. [13]

Avgen Pharma

Avgen Pharma, Avesthagen's biopharmaceuticals business develops biosimilars and antibody therapeutics for oncology, auto-immune, cardiovascular–targeted biologics. Avgen Pharma owns 8 biosimilar molecules with patents, processes, manufacturing rights for global licensing and sales & marketing rights. The biosimilars listed below have completed preclinical trials and are ready to enter clinical trials for validation.

Avesta Nordic Research Private Limited

Avesthagen's DHA from algal sources will also provide the much need omega-3 fatty acids to vegetarians. [16] [17] The company is in the process of developing a manufacturing alliance for AvestaDHA and has developed a marketing alliances for its bioactives and DHA with a large beverage player in India, a large MNC retailer and a large Indian conglomerate. [18]

The key products and product candidates are based upon, or include as a primary ingredient, scientifically and clinically validated plant extracts, or bioactives, sourced from traditional Indian medicine which we have researched and developed using ADePt, [19] Avesta Nordic's proprietary bioactive discovery engine and information management platform and MetaGrid, the proprietary bioactive testing methodology. In May 2008, we launched Teestar, [20] [21] our first ADePt and MetaGrid derived bioactive, which we clinically demonstrated to reduce blood glucose levels.

AVA Seeds

Avesthagen's subsidiary, AVA Seeds is engaged in the development of novel seed research, application of molecular markers and transgene based technologies to develop more productive food, feed, fuel and fiber based products.

The company as part of its sustainability initiative developed BioPercept, a biocompostable plastic made from renewable resources that breaks down and decomposes, under industrial composting conditions, within 120 days. [22]

Criticisms

In 2012, the company ran out of money and saw a number of exits by senior executives. [23] Also in 2012, several former staff filed criminal and civil charges against the company. [24]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Parsis</span> Zoroastrian community in the Indian subcontinent

The Parsis or Parsees are a Zoroastrian ethno-religious community in the Indian subcontinent. They are descended from Persians who migrated to the Indian subcontinent during and after the Arab conquest of Iran in the 7th century, when Zoroastrians were persecuted by the early Muslims. Representing the eldest of the Indian subcontinent's two Zoroastrian communities, the Parsi people are culturally, linguistically, and socially distinct from the Iranis, whose Zoroastrian ancestors migrated to British-ruled India from Qajar-era Iran. The word Parsi is derived from the Persian language, and literally translates to Persian.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Demographics of Iran</span>

Iran's population increased dramatically during the later half of the 20th century, reaching about 80 million by 2016. As of July 2024, Iran's population is around 89.8 million. In recent years, however, Iran's birth rate has dropped significantly. Studies project that Iran's rate of population growth will continue to slow until it stabilises above 100 million by 2050. Half of Iran's population was under 35 years old in 2012.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mitochondrial DNA</span> DNA located in mitochondria

Mitochondrial DNA is the DNA located in the mitochondria organelles in a eukaryotic cell that converts chemical energy from food into adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Mitochondrial DNA is a small portion of the DNA contained in a eukaryotic cell; most of the DNA is in the cell nucleus, and, in plants and algae, the DNA also is found in plastids, such as chloroplasts.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Infliximab</span> Biopharmaceutical drug for autoimmune disorders

Infliximab, a chimeric monoclonal antibody, sold under the brand name Remicade among others, is a medication used to treat a number of autoimmune diseases. This includes Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, and Behçet's disease. It is given by slow injection into a vein, typically at six- to eight-week intervals.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Trastuzumab</span> Medication

Trastuzumab, sold under the brand name Herceptin among others, is a monoclonal antibody used to treat breast cancer and stomach cancer. It is specifically used for cancer that is HER2 receptor positive. It may be used by itself or together with other chemotherapy medication. Trastuzumab is given by slow injection into a vein and injection just under the skin.

Etanercept, sold under the brand name Enbrel among others, is a biologic medical product that is used to treat autoimmune diseases by interfering with tumor necrosis factor (TNF), a soluble inflammatory cytokine, by acting as a TNF inhibitor. It has US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval to treat rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis and psoriatic arthritis, plaque psoriasis and ankylosing spondylitis. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) is the "master regulator" of the inflammatory (immune) response in many organ systems. Autoimmune diseases are caused by an overactive immune response. Etanercept has the potential to treat these diseases by inhibiting TNF-alpha.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Amgen</span> American multinational biopharmaceutical company

Amgen Inc. is an American multinational biopharmaceutical company headquartered in Thousand Oaks, California. One of the world's largest independent biotechnology companies, As of 2022, Amgen has approximately 24,000 staff in total.

Bevacizumab, sold under the brand name Avastin among others, is a monoclonal antibody medication used to treat a number of types of cancers and a specific eye disease. For cancer, it is given by slow injection into a vein (intravenous) and used for colon cancer, lung cancer, ovarian cancer, glioblastoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and renal-cell carcinoma. In many of these diseases it is used as a first-line therapy. For age-related macular degeneration it is given by injection into the eye (intravitreal).

Adalimumab, sold under the brand name Humira and others, is a disease-modifying antirheumatic drug and monoclonal antibody used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, plaque psoriasis, hidradenitis suppurativa, and uveitis. It is administered by subcutaneous injection. It works by inactivating tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα).

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Oncogenomics</span> Sub-field of genomics

Oncogenomics is a sub-field of genomics that characterizes cancer-associated genes. It focuses on genomic, epigenomic and transcript alterations in cancer.

A biosimilar is a biologic medical product that is almost an identical copy of an original product that is manufactured by a different company. Biosimilars are officially approved versions of original "innovator" products and can be manufactured when the original product's patent expires. Reference to the innovator product is an integral component of the approval.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lupin Limited</span> Indian multinational pharmaceutical company

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Glenmark Pharmaceuticals</span> Indian multinational pharmaceutical company

Glenmark Pharmaceuticals Limited is an Indian multinational pharmaceutical company headquartered in Mumbai, India.

Cause, also known as etiology and aetiology, is the reason or origination of something.

Villoo Morawala-Patell is the founder, chairman, and managing director of the Indian biotechnology company Avesthagen.

Dr Vinod Scaria FRSB, FRSPH is an Indian biologist, medical researcher pioneering in Precision Medicine and Clinical Genomics in India. He is best known for sequencing the first Indian genome. He was also instrumental in the sequencing of The first Sri Lankan Genome, analysis of the first Malaysian Genome sequencing and analysis of the Wild-type strain of Zebrafish and the IndiGen programme on Genomics for Public Health in India.

Molecular pathological epidemiology is a discipline combining epidemiology and pathology. It is defined as "epidemiology of molecular pathology and heterogeneity of disease". Pathology and epidemiology share the same goal of elucidating etiology of disease, and MPE aims to achieve this goal at molecular, individual and population levels. Typically, MPE utilizes tissue pathology resources and data within existing epidemiology studies. Molecular epidemiology broadly encompasses MPE and conventional-type molecular epidemiology with the use of traditional disease designation systems.

References

  1. ↑ "Avesthagen to raise $60 mn in complex deal from Cayman-based fund". Business Standard. 12 May 2012. Retrieved 16 July 2012.
  2. ↑ P.T. Jyothi Datta. "Decoding the longevity DNA of Parsis". The Hindu Business Line. Retrieved 23 February 2008.
  3. ↑ Jayaraman, K. S. (1 July 2007). "Profile: Villoo Morawala Patell". Nature Biotechnology. 25 (7): 705. doi: 10.1038/nbt0707-705 . ISSN   1546-1696. PMID   17621282.
  4. ↑ Guzder, S. N.; Jain, Renuka; Sharma, Naveen; Gopalkrishnan, Chellappa; Shah, Yasmin; Morawala-Patell, Villoo (11 October 2010). "The Avestagenome project™ - a discovery model for disease genomics and beyond". Genome Biology. 11 (1): 16. doi: 10.1186/gb-2010-11-s1-p16 (inactive 16 June 2024). ISSN   1474-760X. PMC   3026244 .{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of June 2024 (link)
  5. ↑ Bharucha, N. E.; Bharucha, E. P.; Bharucha, A. E.; Bhise, A. V.; Schoenberg, B. S. (1 December 1988). "Prevalence of Parkinson's Disease in the Parsi Community of Bombay, India". Archives of Neurology. 45 (12): 1321–1323. doi:10.1001/archneur.1988.00520360039008. ISSN   0003-9942. PMID   3264148.
  6. ↑ Bawa, Ravinder (26 December 2000). "Parsis more prone to cancer: study". The Times of India. Retrieved 29 January 2021.
  7. ↑ Shrikant, Rashmi (19 June 2009). "Avestha's Parsi project finds leads to breast cancer". Business Standard India. Retrieved 29 January 2021.
  8. ↑ "Groundbreaking Avesthagen Study Aimed at Early Detection of Cancers and Other Diseases Announced". www.prnewswire.com (Press release). Retrieved 29 January 2021.
  9. ↑ "Groundbreaking Avesthagen Study Aimed at Early Detection of Cancers and Other Diseases Announced". The Week. Retrieved 29 January 2021.
  10. ↑ Patell, Villoo Morawala; Pasha, Naseer; Krishnasamy, Kashyap; Mittal, Bharti; Gopalakrishnan, Chellappa; Mugasimangalam, Raja; Sharma, Naveen; Gupta, Arati-Khanna; Bhote-Patell, Perviz; Rao, Sudha; Jain, Renuka (7 January 2021). "The First Complete Zoroastrian-Parsi Mitochondrial Reference Genome and genetic signatures of an endogamous non-smoking population". bioRxiv   10.1101/2020.06.05.124891 .
  11. ↑ "Avesthagen Releases First Complete Zoroastrian-Parsi Mitochondria Reference Genome: 'Implications Of Mitochondrial Signatures In An Endogamous, Non-Smoking Population'". Parsi Times. 20 June 2020. Retrieved 29 January 2021.
  12. ↑ "The First complete Zoroastrian-Parsi Mitochondria Reference Genome: Implications of mitochondrial signatures in an endogamous, non-smoking population". Zoroastrians.net. 16 June 2020. Retrieved 29 January 2021.
  13. ↑ Kumar, Gayathri; Krishnasamy, Kashyap; Pasha, Naseer; Nagarajan, Naveenkumar; Mam, Bhavika; Kishinani, Mahima; Vohra, Vedanth; Patell, Villoo Morawala (22 December 2020). "Dynamic Methylome Modification associated with mutational signatures in ageing and etiology of disease". bioRxiv   10.1101/2020.12.22.423778 .
  14. ↑ "Avdesp". www.thepharmaletter.com. Retrieved 28 January 2021.
  15. ↑ Maity, Sunit; Ullanat, Rajesh; Lahiri, Subhra; Shekar, Sunil; Sodhan, Geetha; Vyas, Ashutosh; Dyaga, Gopal; Ireni, Srinivas; Nair, Nirmala; Sotsios, Yannis; Maria, Denis C. (November 2011). "A non-innovator version of etanercept for treatment of arthritis". Biologicals. 39 (6): 384–395. doi:10.1016/j.biologicals.2011.08.014. ISSN   1095-8320. PMID   21996051.
  16. ↑ "Avesthagen validates commercialization of new vegetarian DHA". foodnavigator-asia.com. 17 February 2011. Retrieved 29 January 2021.
  17. ↑ "Avesthagen in licensing pact for animal feed". Business Standard India. 27 August 2013. Retrieved 29 January 2021.
  18. ↑ "Avesthagen Nutrition Unit takes bite out of global pie for DHA". www.biospectrumindia.com. Retrieved 29 January 2021.
  19. ↑ "Avestha takes next step in plant bioactives". Business Standard India. 25 March 2008. Retrieved 29 January 2021.
  20. ↑ "Avesthagen launches bioactive Teestar". The Economic Times. Retrieved 29 January 2021.
  21. ↑ "Avesthagen announces launch of Teestar". www.oneindia.com. 23 April 2008. Retrieved 29 January 2021.
  22. ↑ "Avesthagen launches biodegradable plastic". Business Standard India. 8 April 2008. Retrieved 29 January 2021.
  23. ↑ "Avesthagen in a freeze as funds dry up". The Times of India. Retrieved 18 September 2018.
  24. ↑ Badrinath, Raghuvir (8 May 2012). "Avesthagen in a spot as former staff file criminal, civil cases". Business Standard India. Retrieved 18 September 2018.
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