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Bhojpuri is an Indo-Aryan language native to the Bhojpur-Purvanchal region of India and the Terai region of Nepal. It is chiefly spoken in western Bihar, eastern Uttar Pradesh and northwestern Jharkhand. It is an eastern Indo Aryan language and as of 2000 is spoken by about 5% of India's population. Bhojpuri is a descendant of Magadhi Prakrit and is closely related to Maithili, Magahi, Bangla, Odia, Assamese, etc. languages.
Bihar, a state of India, has produced musicians like Bharat Ratna Ustad Bismillah Khan and dhrupad singers like the Malliks and the Mishras along with poets like Pandit Dhareekshan Mishra, Bhikhari Thakur, the shakespeare of Bhojpuri and Vidyapati Thakur who contributed to Maithili Music. The classical music in Bihar is a form of the Hindustani classical music.
Bihari culture refers to the culture of the Indian state of Bihar. Bihari culture includes Angika culture,Mithila culture, Bhojpuri Culture and the culture of Magadha.
Bhojpuri cinema is an Indian film industry of Bhojpuri-language motion pictures. It is based in western Bihar and eastern Uttar Pradesh with major production centres in Lucknow and Patna.
Bihar has produced a number of poets and writers in its languages like Bhojpuri Maithili language, Magahi language, Angika and Bajjika including Bhikhari Thakur, Heera Dom, Viveki Rai,Satishwar Sahay Verma, Pandey Kapil etc are writers of Bhojpuri, Vidyapati in Maithili. Besides its regional languages, Bihar has also produced writers in English such as Raj Kamal Jha, Amitava Kumar, Tabish Khair, Gunjesh Bond, Abhay K, Siddhartha Chowdhury; and Hindi including Raja Radhika Raman Prasad Sinha, Kumar vansi, Acharya Ramlochan Saran, Acharya Shivpujan Sahay, Divakar Prasad Vidyarthy, Ramdhari Singh 'Dinkar', Ram Briksh Benipuri, Phanishwar Nath 'Renu', Gopal Singh "Nepali", Ramesh Chandra Jha and Baba Nagarjun. Writer and Buddhist scholar Mahapandit Rahul Sankrityayan was born in Uttar Pradesh but spent his life in the land of Buddha, i.e., Bihar. Hrishikesh Sulabh is a short story writer, playwright and theatre critic. Arun Kamal and Aalok Dhanwa are poets.
Bhikari Thakur was an Indian Bhojpuri language poet, playwright, lyricist, actor, folk dancer, folk singer and social activist. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest writers in the Bhojpuri language and most popular folk writer of Purvanchal and Bihar. Thakur is often called the "Shakespeare of Bhojpuri" and "Rai Bahadur". His works consist of more than a dozen plays, Monologues, poems, and Bhajans, which were printed in nearly three dozen books. His noteworthy works include Bidesiya, Gabarghichor, Beti Bechwa and Bhai Birodh. Gabarghichor is often compared with Bertolt Brecht's play The Caucasian Chalk Circle. Thakur is known as the father of the naach folk theatre tradition. He is also credited as the first person to cast male actors in female roles.
The Bhojpuri people or Bhojpuriyas are an Indo-Aryan ethnic group from the Indian subcontinent who speak the Bhojpuri-language and inhabit the Bhojpuri-Purvanchal region. This area is now divided between the western part of the Indian state of Bihar, the eastern part of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, northwestern Jharkhand, along with some neighbouring districts in the Madhya Pradesh and Madhesh of Nepal. A significant diaspora population of Bhojpuris can be found in Trinidad and Tobago, Netherlands, Guyana, Jamaica, Suriname, other parts of the Caribbean, Fiji, South Africa, and Mauritius.
Bhojpuri literature includes literature written in Bhojpuri language. Bhojpuri has developed over a course of 1300 years, the development of the language started in 7th century. The earliest form of Bhojpuri can be seen in the writings of Siddha Saints and Charyapada. Distinct literary traditions in Bhojpuri language date back to medieval periods when saints and bhakts of the region adapted a mixed language for their works.
Dr.Shailendra Nath Shrivastava was an Indian essayist and poet, who wrote in Hindi, English and Bhojpuri. His body of work comprised over 100 publication of books like poetry, biographies, essays,Literary criticism etc. he also featured in more than 120 programs/broadcast of All India Radio / Doordarshan Patna and Delhi branch. He visited many foreign countries such as England, Scotland, Wales, France, Germany, Holland, Mauritius and Nepal. He was former Indian politician from Bihar born at Chausa Bhojpur district. In 1980 he was elected to Bihar Legislative Assembly and in 1989, he was elected to Lok Sabha from Patna constituency of Bihar. He was a recipient of the civilian honour of Padma Shri (2003).
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Bidesiya or Baharā Bahār is a Bhojpuri play by Bhojpuri playwright Bhikhari Thakur. It is one of the several plays written by Bhikhari Thakur on women empowerment, migration and poverty. Owing to its popularity it becomes the folk theatre style of Bhojpuri region, some scholars has also claimed it to be as popular as Ramayana in those days.
Moti BA or Motilal Upadhyay was a Bhojpuri poet, writer and lyricist. He has written many Bhojpuri poems, novels and lyrics of Bhojiwood and Bollywood films. For his works in Bhojpuri he received Bhasha Samman Award in 2001. He has written many songs and translated many English works in Bhojpuri.
Beti Bechwa or Beti Biyog is a Bhojpuri play by Playwright Bhikhari Thakur. It was one of several plays written by Thakur based on true events, showing the bad side of society, poverty and Women Empowerment. The play shows the practice of mismatched marriages which are executed between young girls and aged men in exchange of money for the girl's family.
Rameshwar Singh Kashyap was a Bhojpuri playwright, screenwriter and professor of Hindi at Patna University. He is best known for his Bhojpuri play Loha Singh which was gained immense popularity on Radio in 1970s. He was awarded the Padma Shri in 1991.
Manoranjan Prasad Sinha was a Bhojpuri poet, author and professor and Principal of Rajendra College, Chapra. He is famous for his Bhojpuri poem Firangia, which he wrote in 1921 during Non-cooperation movement. He was also elected as the president of 18th Bihar Hindi Sammelan at Motihari.
Prasiddha Narayan Singh was a Bhojpuri writer, poet, and a freedom fighter. He is known for his patriotic and encouraging poems. Jawaharlal Nehru appreciated his poem Jawahar Swagat on his visit of Ballia during the freedom movement.
Biraha is an ethnic Bhojpuri folk genre of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and Jharkhand in India. Its place in folk songs is as important as that of Dwipadi in Sanskrit, Gatha in Prakrit and Barwai in Hindi. It is composed of two episodes. When one side says their point, the other side answers in the same verse. There is no limit to the number of quantities. The volume varies with the tune of the song. It indicates the intense longing of the spouse and the pain of love or feeling of separation from him. Separation is a king, a body that does not know separation, it is a living corpse. Outside India, this genre can be found in the former colonies of where Indian indentured laborers from Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and Jharkhand emigrated to, such as Fiji, Guyana, Mauritius, South Africa, Suriname, and Trinidad and Tobago.
Ramchandra Manjhi was an Indian Bhojpuri folk dancer and theatre artist who is famous as a Launda Naach performer. He was one of the members of Bhikhari Thakur's drama team and was awarded the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award in 2017 and was awarded India's fourth highest civilian award the Padma Shri in 2021.
Bindiya is a social novel by Bhojpuri author Ramnath Pandey. It is the first novel written in Bhojpuri. It was published in 1956 by Sekhar Publication of Chhapra. Thematically, it is based on life and problems of the village lifestyle. The story is set in a village of a common farmer Kodai his daughter Bindiya and her lover Mangra
Vimlanand Saraswati was an Indian Bhojpuri Writer and author and spiritualist. He is credited to write the first short story collection Jehal ke Sanadi in Bhojpuri.
References
- ↑ Tiwari, Arjun (2014). Bhojpuri Sahitya Ke Itihas. Varanasi: Vishwavidyalaya Prakashan. p. 167.
- ↑ Kishore, Satyendra (1991). Re-settlement of Ex-servicemen in India: Problems, Patterns, and Prospects. Concept Publishing Company. p. 173. ISBN 9788170223566.
- ↑ Chaube, Ganesh (1983). Bhojapurī prakāśana ke sai barisa: byorevāra sūcī, 1882 Ī. se 1982 Ī. Bhojpuri Academy.
- ↑ Bhojapurī sāhitya meṃ hāsya-vyaṅgya. Pañkaja Buksa. 2001.
- ↑ Rai, Viveki (2002). Bhojpuri Sahitya: Pragati Ki Pehchan. Patna: Bhojpuri Sahitya Sansthan. p. 155.
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