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Kurdish is a language or a group of languages spoken by Kurds in the geo-cultural region of Kurdistan and the Kurdish diaspora. Kurdish constitutes a dialect continuum, belonging to Western Iranian languages in the Indo-European language family. The main three dialects or languages of Kurdish are Northern Kurdish, Central Kurdish, and Southern Kurdish.
Human rights in post-invasion Iraq have been the subject of concerns and controversies since the 2003 U.S. invasion. Concerns have been expressed about conduct by insurgents, the U.S.-led coalition forces and the Iraqi government. The U.S. is investigating several allegations of violations of international and internal standards of conduct in isolated incidents by its own forces and contractors. The UK is also conducting investigations of alleged human rights abuses by its forces. War crime tribunals and criminal prosecution of the numerous crimes by insurgents are likely years away. In late February 2009, the U.S. State Department released a report on the human rights situation in Iraq, looking back on the prior year (2008).
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Zakho, also spelled Zaxo is a city in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, at the centre of the eponymous Zakho District of the Dohuk Governorate, located a few kilometers from the Iraq–Turkey border.
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Kurdistan Region, abbr. KRI, is an autonomous region in Iraq comprising the four Kurdish-majority governorates of Erbil, Sulaymaniyah, Duhok, and Halabja, and bordering Iran, Syria, and Turkey. The Kurdistan Region encompasses most of Iraqi Kurdistan but excludes the disputed territories of Northern Iraq, contested between the Kurdistan Regional Government and the central Iraqi government in Baghdad since 1992 when autonomy was realized. The Kurdistan Region Parliament is situated in Erbil, but the constitution of the Kurdistan Region declares the disputed city of Kirkuk to be the capital of the Kurdistan Region. When the Iraqi Army withdrew from most of the disputed areas in mid-2014 following the Islamic State’s invasion of Iraq, Kurdish Forces entered the areas and held control there until Iraq retook the areas in October 2017.
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The Gorran Movement or just Gorran (Change) is a Kurdish political party in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Formerly under the leadership of Omar Said Ali, it was founded in 2009 by Nawshirwan Mustafa. Gorran is the sixth largest party in the Kurdistan Region, having lost almost all of its voters (95%) since its foundation, and is now no longer represented in the Iraqi parliament, Nawshirwan Mustafa's sons Chya and Nma were the main cause of the Gorran Movements political and electoral obliteration.
Hawlati is an independent Kurdish newspaper, published in Sulaymaniyah, Iraqi Kurdistan and London. Tariq Fatih is the owner of the paper.
Human rights in Iraqi Kurdistan refer to the human rights issue in the autonomous area of Kurdistan Region.
Rudaw Media Network, is a media group known for its news channel in Kurdistan Region, Iraq. It publishes in Kurdish Sorani and Kurmanji, English, Arabic and Turkish. Rudaw Media Network also owns a weekly newspaper in the Sorani dialect with a circulation of 3,000, a Kurmanji version published in Europe, a website in Kurdish, English, Arabic and Turkish and a satellite TV station. The network is funded and supported by Rudaw Company and aims to impart news and information about Kurdistan and the Middle East.
Kurdistan Freedom Party is a Kurdish nationalist and separatist militant group of Kurds in Iran, based in northern Iraq.
References
- ↑ "Heroism in name of media freedom honoured at British Press Awards". Press Gazette. 21 March 2008. Archived from the original on 5 March 2009. Retrieved 5 September 2009.
- ↑ "The Question of Kurdistan: Where Will It Lead?". Kurd Net. 7 January 2006. Retrieved 5 September 2009.
- ↑ "Awene: Independent Kurdish weekly mirrors life in Kurdistan, Sulaimaniyah". Voice of America. 8 May 2009. Retrieved 5 September 2009.[ permanent dead link ]
- ↑ "The Kurdistan Region: Future Prospects: UK parliamentary fact-finding visit to the Kurdistan Region in Iraq 9 – 15 February 2008" (PDF). Washington Kurdish Institute. June 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-09-27. Retrieved 5 September 2009.
- ↑ "Kurdish journalist wins Gebran Tueni Award". The Kurdish Globe. 19 December 2009. Retrieved 26 March 2013.