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AxSTREAM is a software suite designed by SoftInWay Inc. for the conceptual design of turbines and compressors and also thermodynamic calculations of existing turbomachinery on-design and off-design operation. The application area of the AxSTREAM software suite covers the design and redesign of turbomachinery, and educational fields.
While creating a new design, AxSTREAM allows the user to start from initial inlet and outlet parameters, geometrical constraints, required mass flow rate (capacity) and rotational speed to perform preliminary design, 1D/2D calculation and optimization. Finally, it develops the complete flow path geometry including meridional shapes, profiles, and IGES model of each blade airfoil. As a multidisciplinary tool, AxSTREAM uses a simplified 1D structural module to check the design in the early phases during 1D/2D calculation and optimization. At the final stage of design, AxSTREAM performs 3D structural and vibration analysis to check the blade. It is also capable of producing a Campbell Diagram to show harmful frequencies to the system.
Mixed flow compressor designed with AxSTREAM
AxSTREAM includes a CFD module to perform 3D calculation of flow in interblade channels for both separate blade rows and the whole flow path.
During the optimization of new or existing flow paths, AxSTREAM enables the user:
To change the geometry "manually" with the help of a user-friendly interface and further analysis in the 1D/2D solver and optimization using the existing infrastructure;
To optimize the flow path using Design of Experiment methods (DoE).
While making thermodynamic calculations of the existing flow paths, AxSTREAM provides off-design operation characteristics and allows comparison with the experiment data.
One of AxSTREAM's features is high integration of all software components, which allows users to combine separate phases of design to create a single processing chain. Having designed a flow path, AxSTREAM can export the resulting geometry to CAD/CAE systems (e.g. UGS, Pro-E, SolidWorks, Fluent, AutoCAD, ANSYS CFX, NUMECA etc.).
The Tesla turbine is a bladeless centripetal flow turbine patented by Nikola Tesla on October 21, 1913. It was his 100th patent.
Computer-Aided Design (CAD) is the use of computers to aid in the creation, modification, analysis, or optimization of a design. This software is used to increase the productivity of the designer, improve the quality of design, improve communications through documentation, and to create a database for manufacturing. Designs made through CAD software help protect products and inventions when used in patent applications. CAD output is often in the form of electronic files for print, machining, or other manufacturing operations. The terms computer-aided drafting (CAD) and computer-aided design and drafting (CADD) are also used.
Creo Parametric, formerly known, together with Creo Elements/Pro, as Pro/Engineer and Wildfire, is a solid modeling or CAD, CAM, CAE, and associative 3D modeling application, running on Microsoft Windows.
Centrifugal compressors, sometimes called impeller compressors or radial compressors, are a sub-class of dynamic axisymmetric work-absorbing turbomachinery.
An axial compressor is a gas compressor that can continuously pressurize gases. It is a rotating, airfoil-based compressor in which the gas or working fluid principally flows parallel to the axis of rotation, or axially. This differs from other rotating compressors such as centrifugal compressor, axi-centrifugal compressors and mixed-flow compressors where the fluid flow will include a "radial component" through the compressor.
Turbomachinery, in mechanical engineering, describes machines that transfer energy between a rotor and a fluid, including both turbines and compressors. While a turbine transfers energy from a fluid to a rotor, a compressor transfers energy from a rotor to a fluid.
A compressor map is a chart which shows the performance of a turbomachinery compressor. This type of compressor is used in gas turbine engines, for supercharging reciprocating engines and for industrial processes, where it is known as a dynamic compressor. A map is created from compressor rig test results or predicted by a special computer program. Alternatively the map of a similar compressor can be suitably scaled. This article is an overview of compressor maps and their different applications and also has detailed explanations of maps for a fan and intermediate and high-pressure compressors from a three-shaft aero-engine as specific examples.
A jet engine performs by converting fuel into thrust. How well it performs is an indication of what proportion of its fuel goes to waste. It transfers heat from burning fuel to air passing through the engine. In doing so it produces thrust work when propelling a vehicle but a lot of the fuel is wasted and only appears as heat. Propulsion engineers aim to minimize the degradation of fuel energy into unusable thermal energy. Increased emphasis on performance improvements for commercial airliners came in the 1970s from the rising cost of fuel.
As the name suggests, gas turbine engine compressors provide the compression part of the gas turbine engine thermodynamic cycle. There are three basic categories of gas turbine engine compressor: axial compressor, centrifugal compressor and mixed flow compressor. A fourth, unusual, type is the free-piston gas generator, which combines the functions of compressor and combustion chamber in one unit.
Rotordynamics is a specialized branch of applied mechanics concerned with the behavior and diagnosis of rotating structures. It is commonly used to analyze the behavior of structures ranging from jet engines and steam turbines to auto engines and computer disk storage. At its most basic level, rotor dynamics is concerned with one or more mechanical structures (rotors) supported by bearings and influenced by internal phenomena that rotate around a single axis. The supporting structure is called a stator. As the speed of rotation increases the amplitude of vibration often passes through a maximum that is called a critical speed. This amplitude is commonly excited by imbalance of the rotating structure; everyday examples include engine balance and tire balance. If the amplitude of vibration at these critical speeds is excessive, then catastrophic failure occurs. In addition to this, turbomachinery often develop instabilities which are related to the internal makeup of turbomachinery, and which must be corrected. This is the chief concern of engineers who design large rotors.
A radial turbine is a turbine in which the flow of the working fluid is radial to the shaft. The difference between axial and radial turbines consists in the way the fluid flows through the components. Whereas for an axial turbine the rotor is 'impacted' by the fluid flow, for a radial turbine, the flow is smoothly orientated perpendicular to the rotation axis, and it drives the turbine in the same way water drives a watermill. The result is less mechanical stress which enables a radial turbine to be simpler, more robust, and more efficient when compared to axial turbines. When it comes to high power ranges the radial turbine is no longer competitive and the efficiency becomes similar to that of the axial turbines.
In fluid dynamics, flow can be decomposed into primary flow plus secondary flow, a relatively weaker flow pattern superimposed on the stronger primary flow pattern. The primary flow is often chosen to be an exact solution to simplified or approximated governing equations, such as potential flow around a wing or geostrophic current or wind on the rotating Earth. In that case, the secondary flow usefully spotlights the effects of complicated real-world terms neglected in those approximated equations. For instance, the consequences of viscosity are spotlighted by secondary flow in the viscous boundary layer, resolving the tea leaf paradox. As another example, if the primary flow is taken to be a balanced flow approximation with net force equated to zero, then the secondary circulation helps spotlight acceleration due to the mild imbalance of forces. A smallness assumption about secondary flow also facilitates linearization.
SAMCEF is a finite element analysis (FEA) software package dedicated to mechanical virtual prototyping. SAMCEF development started in 1965 at the Aerospace Laboratory of University of Liège. It was developed and sold by SAMTECH, a Belgian company, founded in 1986 and located in Liège, Belgium. SAMTECH s.a. was acquired by LMS in 2011.
Cheng Xu is a Chinese American aerodynamic design engineer and engineering manager. He is a Fellow of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers and a member of the Technical Committee on Energy and Power Systems, IASTED. He also served as a guest editor of International Journal of Rotating Machinery.
WorkNC is a Computer aided manufacturing (CAM) software developed by Sescoi for multi-axis machining.
FASTRAD is a tool dedicated to the calculation of radiation effects on electronics. The tool includes a 3d modelling interface with all the capabilities required for the representation of any system. Application areas include: high energy physics and nuclear experiments, medical, accelerator and space physics studies. The software is used by radiation engineers around the world.
In turbomachinery, degree of reaction or reaction ratio (R) is defined as the ratio of the static pressure rise in the rotating blades of a compressor (or drop in turbine blades) to the static pressure rise in the compressor stage (or drop in a turbine stage). Alternatively it is the ratio of static enthalpy change in the rotor to the static enthalpy change in the stage.
A variable geometry turbomachine uses movable vanes to optimize its efficiency at different operating conditions. This article refers to movable vanes as used in liquid pumps and turbocharger turbines. It does not cover the widespread use of movable vanes in gas turbine compressors.
In turbomachinery, the slip factor is a measure of the fluid slip in the impeller of a compressor or a turbine, mostly a centrifugal machine. Fluid slip is the deviation in the angle at which the fluid leaves the impeller from the impeller's blade/vane angle. Being quite small in axial impellers, slip is a very important phenomenon in radial impellers and is useful in determining the accurate estimation of work input or the energy transfer between the impeller and the fluid, rise in pressure and the velocity triangles at the impeller exit.
Three-dimension losses and correlation in turbomachinery refers to the measurement of flow-fields in three dimensions, where measuring the loss of smoothness of flow, and resulting inefficiencies, becomes difficult, unlike two-dimensional losses where mathematical complexity is substantially less.
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