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Doctor of Medicine is a medical degree, the meaning of which varies between different jurisdictions. In the United States, and some other countries, the M.D. denotes a professional degree. This generally arose because many in 18th-century medical professions trained in Scotland, which used the M.D. degree nomenclature. In England, however, Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (M.B.B.S.) was used and eventually in the 19th century became the standard in Scotland too. Thus, in the United Kingdom, Ireland and other countries, the M.D. is a research doctorate, honorary doctorate or applied clinical degree restricted to those who already hold a professional degree (Bachelor's/Master's/Doctoral) in medicine. In those countries, the equivalent professional degree to the North American, and some others' usage of M.D. is still typically titled Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery.
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The standard entry-to-practice degree in modern evidence-based medicine in India is the Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS). Alternative systems of Medicine in India are Ayurveda (BAMS), Unani (BUMS), Siddha(BSMS), Homeopathy (BHMS). M.B.B.S. a credential earned upon completion of a five-and-a-half-year undergraduate program. The curriculum is divided into one year of preclinical studies in general science subjects and three and a half years of paraclinical and clinical studies, followed by a one-year clinical internship. Before beginning the internship, students are required to pass several examinations, the final one of which is conducted in two parts. Postgraduate education in medical specialties typically takes 3 additional years of study after the MBBS and concludes with the award of a Master of Surgery or Doctor of Medicine(MD). Postgraduate diplomas in medical specialities may also be awarded upon the completion of two-year training programs. After that a person can further get a degree in superspeciality in his or her respective branch after successful completion of 3 years of superspeciality in a medical college.
References
- ↑ Division, Publications (2018-02-26). India 2018: A Reference Annual. ISBN 9788123027630.
- 1 2 3 "Herbal medicine: Woes of practitioners". 2011-06-04.
- ↑ Hoiberg, Dale (2000). Students' Britannica India: Careers. ISBN 9780852297612.
- ↑ Bangladesh Country Study Guide Volume 1 Strategic Information and Developments. 2012-03-03. ISBN 9781438773896.
- ↑ Leigh, Hoyle (2019). Global Psychosomatic Medicine and Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry: Theory, Research, Education, and Practice. ISBN 9783030125844.
- ↑ "Registered Unani Tibb Practitioner". pbdesig.saqa.org.za.
- ↑ "Unani-Tibb". www.uwc.ac.za. Archived from the original on 2018-05-02. Retrieved 2019-09-15.
- ↑ Kurz, Susanne; Preckel, Claudia; Reichmuth, Stefan (2016). Muslim Bodies. ISBN 9783643128102.
- ↑ "پاکستان میں ایسٹرن میڈیسن کا فروغ وقت کی اہم ضرورت" [Promotion of Eastern Medicine in Pakistan is the need of time]. Daily Jang (in Urdu). 2018-05-06.
- ↑ NCT judgement, "15th Meet of the NCT", Date: 19 Jun 2020, REF: F.20-62/2018-NCT(M-15)/4009, page: 02
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