Picric acid is an organic compound with the formula (O2N)3C6H2OH. Its IUPAC name is 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (TNP). The name "picric" comes from Greek: πικρός (pikros), meaning "bitter", due to its bitter taste. It is one of the most acidic phenols. Like other strongly nitrated organic compounds, picric acid is an explosive, which is its primary use. It has also been used as medicine (antiseptic, burn treatments) and as a dye.
Terbium(III,IV) oxide, occasionally called tetraterbium heptaoxide, has the formula Tb4O7, though some texts refer to it as TbO1.75. There is some debate as to whether it is a discrete compound, or simply one phase in an interstitial oxide system. Tb4O7 is one of the main commercial terbium compounds, and the only such product containing at least some Tb(IV) (terbium in the +4 oxidation state), along with the more stable Tb(III). It is produced by heating the metal oxalate, and it is used in the preparation of other terbium compounds. It is also used in Electronics and Data Storage, Green Energy Technologies, Medical Imaging and Diagnosis, and Chemical Processes. Terbium forms three other major oxides: Tb2O3, TbO2, and Tb6O11.
Crotonic acid ((2E)-but-2-enoic acid) is a short-chain unsaturated carboxylic acid described by the formula CH3CH=CHCO2H. The name crotonic acid was given because it was erroneously thought to be a saponification product of croton oil. It crystallizes as colorless needles from hot water. With a cis-alkene, Isocrotonic acid is an isomer of crotonic acid. Crotonic acid is soluble in water and many organic solvents. Its odor is similar to that of butyric acid.
Clofibride is a fibrate. Clofibride is a derivative of clofibrate. In the body it is converted into 4-chlorophenoxyisobutyric acid, which is the true hypolipidemic agent. So clofibride, just like clofibrate is a prodrug of clofibric acid.
Ethenone is the formal name for ketene, an organic compound with formula C2H2O or H2C=C=O. It is the simplest member of the ketene class. It is an important reagent for acetylations.
Norleucine (abbreviated as Nle) is an amino acid with the formula CH3(CH2)3CH(NH2)CO2H. A systematic name for this compound is 2-aminohexanoic acid. The compound is an isomer of the more common amino acid leucine. Like most other α-amino acids, norleucine is chiral. It is a white, water-soluble solid.
Protoanemonin is a toxin found in all plants of the buttercup family (Ranunculaceae). When the plant is wounded or macerated, the unstable glucoside found in the plant, ranunculin, is enzymatically broken down into glucose and the toxic protoanemonin. It is the lactone of 4-hydroxy-2,4-pentadienoic acid.
Methine dyes are dyes whose chromophoric system consists of conjugated double bonds (polyenes) flanked by two end groups: an electron acceptor A and an electron donor D.
Structural of methine dyes
A heavy liquid is a solution or liquid chemical substance with a high density and a relatively low viscosity. Heavy liquids are often used for determination of density in mineralogy, for density gradient centrifugation and for separating mixtures.
4-Pyridone is an organic compound with the formula C
5H
4NH(O). It is a colorless solid.
Ethyl cyanoacetate is an organic compound that contains a carboxylate ester and a nitrile. It is a colourless liquid with a pleasant odor. This material is useful as a starting material for synthesis due to its variety of functional groups and chemical reactivity.
Polycarboxylates are organic compounds with several carboxylic acid groups. Butane-1,2,3,4-tetracarboxylate is one example. Often, polycarboxylate refers to linear polymers with a high molecular mass and with many carboxylate groups. They are polymers of acrylic acid or copolymers of acrylic acid and maleic acid. The polymer is used as the sodium salt.
Terphenylquinones are fungal dyes from the group of phenyl-substituted p-benzoquinones having the following general structure.
General chemical structure of terphenylquinones
Iodine tribromide is an interhalogen with chemical formula IBr3.
Nickel formate is the nickel salt of formic acid with the chemical formula Ni(HCOO)2.
The benzylisoquinoline alkaloids are natural products that can be classified as isoquinoline alkaloids and are derived from benzylisoquinoline. They also include the benzyl(tetrahydro)isoquinoline alkaloids.
Indolizidine alkaloids are natural products from various alkaloid groups whose structure can be derived from indolizidine.
Dendrobium alkaloids are natural products and so-called pseudoalkaloids.
The pyrrolidine alkaloids are natural products chemically derived from pyrrolidine.
In organic chemistry, Keller's reagent is a mixture of anhydrous (glacial) acetic acid, concentrated sulfuric acid, and small amounts of ferric chloride, used to detect alkaloids. Keller's reagent can also be used to detect other kinds of alkaloids via reactions in which it produces products with a wide range of colors. Cohn describes its use to detect the principal components of digitalis. The reaction with this reagent is also known as the Keller–Kiliani reaction, after C. C. Keller and H. Kiliani, who both used it to study digitalis in the late 19th century.It can be used for digitoxin's quantitative analysis.Another method of visualizing the Keller-Kiliani reaction is to treat the test solution with ferric chloride-containing glacial acetic acid, followed by the addition of concentrated sulfuric acid, which sinks to the bottom. A brown ring in the interface indicates the presence of cardenolides.
