Banana-families

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The "banana-families" [1] [2] or banana group [3] [4] is a basal paraphyletic assemblage in the order Zingiberales (Monocotyledoneae) that comprises Musaceae (the banana family), Lowiaceae, Strelitziaceae, and Heliconiaceae. [1] [2] These taxa differentiate from the "ginger-families" derived clade by their plesiomorphic state of five or six fertile stamens, [1] [2] [5] and generally have large banana-like [1] [2] leaves that are easily torn [5] between secondary veins.

Zingiberales order of plants

The Zingiberales are flowering plants forming one of four orders in the commelinids clade of monocots, together with its sister order, Commelinales. The order includes 68 genera and 2,600 species. Zingiberales are a unique though morphologically diverse order that has been widely recognised as such over a long period of time. Usually large herbaceous plants with rhizomatous root systems and lacking an aerial stem except when flowering. Flowers are usually large and showy, and the stamens are often modified (staminodes) to also form colourful petal-like structures that attract pollinators.

Musaceae family of plants

Musaceae is a family of flowering plants composed of three genera with ca 91 known species, placed in the order Zingiberales. The family is native to the tropics of Africa and Asia. The plants have a large herbaceous growth habit with leaves with overlapping basal sheaths that form a pseudostem making some members appear to be woody trees. In most treatments, the family has three genera, Musella, Musa and Ensete. Cultivated bananas are commercially important members of the family, and many others are grown as ornamental plants.

Strelitziaceae family of plants

The Strelitziaceae comprise a family of monocotyledonous flowering plants, very similar in appearance and growth habit to members of the related families Heliconiaceae and Musaceae. The three genera with seven species of Strelitziaceae have been included in Musaceae in some classifications, but are generally recognized as a separate family in more recent treatments such as the APG II system (2003). The APG II system assigns the Strelitziaceae to the order Zingiberales in the commelinid clade.

Morphologically, this is a more homogeneous group than the "ginger-families" clade. [2] In the past these families were often combined into the single family Musaceae. [3] [1] [2]

The ginger-families or ginger group or Core Zingiberales is a terminal clade in the order Zingiberales (Monocotyledoneae) that comprises Zingiberaceae, Costaceae, Marantaceae and Cannaceae. Their shared synapomorphy of a single fertile anther and four or five highly modified staminodia differentiate them from the basal paraphyletic assemblage of the "banana-families".

See also

Bibliography

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 Kress, W. J., Prince, L. M., Hahn, W. J., & Zimmer, E. A. (2001). Unraveling the evolutionary radiation of the families of the Zingiberales using morphological and molecular evidence. Systematic Biology, 50(6), 926-944. http://download.bioon.com.cn/view/upload/month_0904/20090404_900a6eeb398e881150a8ch7lGaprEVwR.attach.pdf
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Kress, W.J. & Specht, C.D. 2005. Between Cancer and Capricorn: Phylogeny, evolution and ecology of the primarily tropical Zingiberales. Biol. Skr. 55: 459-478. ISSN 0366-3612. ISBN 87-7304- 304-4. [Pp. 459-478, in Friis, I., y Balslev, H. (eds), Proceedings of a Symposium on Plant Diversity and Complexity Patterns - Local, Regional and Global Dimensions. Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters, Copenhagen.] http://spechtlab.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/spechtlab/publications/12%20Kress%20and%20Specht%202005.pdf
  3. 1 2 Kress, W. J. (1990). The phylogeny and classification of the Zingiberales. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 698-721. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2399669
  4. ↑ Andersson, L. (1998). «Strelitziaceae». In: K. Kubitzki. The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. IV. Flowering Plants. Monocotyledons. Alismatanae and Commelinanae (except Gramineae). Berlin: Springer-Verlag. pp. 451-454.
  5. 1 2 Judd et al. 2007. Zingiberales. In: Plant Systematics. A Phylogenetic Approach 3rd edition. Sinauer. pp. 301-302


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