Barbara Davis Blum | |
---|---|
3rd Deputy Administrator of the United States Environmental Protection Agency | |
In office March 7, 1977 –January 20, 1981 | |
President | Jimmy Carter |
Preceded by | John R. Quarles Jr. |
Succeeded by | John W. Hernandez Jr. |
Personal details | |
Born | July 6,1939 |
Political party | Democratic |
Barbara Davis Blum (born July 6,1939) is an American businesswoman,public health administrator,and environmental advocate who served as the Deputy Administrator of the United States Environmental Protection Agency from 1977 to 1981. [1] [2] From 1983 to 1998,she was the president and chief executive of Adams National Bank, [3] the first federally chartered bank to be owned and managed by women. [4] The bank was later renamed Abigail Adams National Bancorp. [5]
Blum was born July 6,1939,in Hutchinson,Kansas,and attended Florida State University,where she received both a bachelor's degree and master's degree in Social Work. [6]
Blum was a faculty member at the Pediatric Psychiatry Clinic at the University of Kansas Medical Center. From 1963 to 1964,she served as acting administrator of the Suffolk County Mental Health Clinic in Huntington,New York. In 1964,Blum co-founded the Mid-Suffolk Center for Psychotherapy in Hauppauge,New York,where she held the position of partner and center administrator until 1966.
Blum has held various positions on boards and commissions, [6] including as a member of the Federal Reserve Board's National Consumer Advisory Council,chair of the Georgia Heritage Trust Commission,and vice-chair of the Fulton County Planning Commission. She was also appointed by the Atlanta Chamber of Commerce to Leadership Atlanta from 1974 to 1976.
In 1976,Blum served as a deputy campaign director for the Carter-Mondale Presidential campaign. [7]
During her tenure at the EPA,she established the National Hazardous Waste Enforcement Task Force [8] to coordinate the clean up of toxic waste at so-called superfund sites. She was also part of the EPA's 1978 recall of American Motors Corporation vehicles because of faulty exhaust systems that permit nitrogen oxide to escape into the air. The recall affected 270,000 Hornets,Gremlins,Pacers and Matadors,as well as 40,000 Jeeps and postal delivery trucks. [9]
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is an independent agency of the United States government tasked with environmental protection matters. President Richard Nixon proposed the establishment of EPA on July 9,1970;it began operation on December 2,1970,after Nixon signed an executive order. The order establishing the EPA was ratified by committee hearings in the House and Senate.
Industrial waste is the waste produced by industrial activity which includes any material that is rendered useless during a manufacturing process such as that of factories,mills,and mining operations. Types of industrial waste include dirt and gravel,masonry and concrete,scrap metal,oil,solvents,chemicals,scrap lumber,even vegetable matter from restaurants. Industrial waste may be solid,semi-solid or liquid in form. It may be hazardous waste or non-hazardous waste. Industrial waste may pollute the nearby soil or adjacent water bodies,and can contaminate groundwater,lakes,streams,rivers or coastal waters. Industrial waste is often mixed into municipal waste,making accurate assessments difficult. An estimate for the US goes as high as 7.6 billion tons of industrial waste produced annually,as of 2017. Most countries have enacted legislation to deal with the problem of industrial waste,but strictness and compliance regimes vary. Enforcement is always an issue.
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Superfund is a United States federal environmental remediation program established by the Comprehensive Environmental Response,Compensation,and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA). The program is administered by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The program is designed to investigate and clean up sites contaminated with hazardous substances. Sites managed under this program are referred to as Superfund sites. Of all the sites selected for possible action under this program,1178 remain on the National Priorities List (NPL) that makes them eligible for cleanup under the Superfund program. Sites on the NPL are considered the most highly contaminated and undergo longer-term remedial investigation and remedial action (cleanups). The state of New Jersey,the fifth smallest state in the U.S.,is the location of about ten percent of the priority Superfund sites,a disproportionate amount.
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The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA),enacted in 1976,is the primary federal law in the United States governing the disposal of solid waste and hazardous waste.
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United States environmental law concerns legal standards to protect human health and improve the natural environment of the United States.
Rita Marie Lavelle is a United States and California State Republican political figure. In 1984,Lavelle was convicted on federal charges of perjury related to an investigation into misuse of the United States Environmental Protection Agency's "Superfund" money during her tenure with the agency,and irregularities at the Stringfellow Acid Pits,a major hazardous waste site. The Lavelle incident was labeled "Sewergate" or "Garbagegate" by the newspapers at the time.
Lisa Perez Jackson is an American chemical engineer who served as the administrator of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) from 2009 to 2013. She was the first African American to hold that position.
Environmental crime is an illegal act which directly harms the environment. These illegal activities involve the environment,wildlife,biodiversity,and natural resources. International bodies such as,G7,Interpol,European Union,United Nations Environment Program,United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute,have recognized the following environmental crimes:
The Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA) is a United States Department of Transportation agency created in 2004,responsible for developing and enforcing regulations for the safe,reliable,and environmentally sound transportation of energy and other hazardous materials. It is in charge of overseeing about 3.4 million miles of pipelines - accounting for 65% of the energy consumed in the U.S. - and regulating the nearly 1 million daily shipments of hazardous materials by land,sea,and air. This includes pipelines carrying carbon dioxide Carbon capture and utilization). PHMSA's safety programs are housed in the Office of Pipeline Safety (OPS) and the Office of Hazardous Materials Safety (OHMS). PHMSA is headquartered in Washington,D.C.
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The Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance (OECA) is the law enforcement arm of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). It is made up of attorneys,special agents,scientists and other employees.
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