Barento

Barento
Regions with significant populations
	Ethiopia
Languages
	Oromo
Religion
	Islam
Related ethnic groups
	Borana Oromo

Last updated October 01, 2024

Barento (Oromo: Bareentoo) is one of the two major subgroups of the Oromo people, a Cushitic ethnic group.^[3]^[4]^[5] They live in the West Hararghe Zone, East Hararghe Zone, Arsi zone, of the Oromia Region of Ethiopia while the other subgroup named Borana Oromo inhabiting Oromia Special Zone Surrounding Addis Ababa, West Shewa Zone, West Welega Zone and Borena Zone of the Oromia Region of Ethiopia.^[6]

Demography

Barento are one of the two main moiety of the Oromo people in the Oromia Region of Ethiopia. Between the fifth and eighth centuries, the Borana Oromo and Barentu Oromo people had differentiated from the confederation. The Barento people thereafter expanded to the eastern regions now called Hararghe, Arsi, Wello, and northeastern Shawa. The Borana people, empowered by their Gadda political and military organization expanded in the other directions, regions now called western Shewa, Welega, Illubabor, Kaffa, Gamu Goffa, Sidamo and in the 16th-century into what is now northern Kenya regions.^[6] The Borana and Barento groups are sometimes referred to as two early era moieties of the Oromo people.^[7]

Religion

The Barento Oromo people in Arsi, Bale and Hararghe regions abandoned their traditional religions in the 9th century, when they were converted to Islam.^[8] In eastern regions close to Somalia, about 98.5% of the Barento people now follow Islam.

Some people away from Somalia border, in the Arsi Zone and the Bale Zone follow Orthodox Christianity

Subgroups

According to Barento there are two groups of Barento clans, the authentic Oromo and assimilated foreigners. The clans labelled Humbana are originally Oromo whereas the Sarri Sidama are non Oromo in origin and consist of various assimilated group including Harari, Somali etc.^[9] The Barento consist of the following sections or subgroups, which in turn include many subdivisions:

The Ittu Oromo, who live in the Oromia Region from the Awash River east to a drawn south of Dire Dawa;
The Karrayyu, who live along the Awash valley in East Shawa as well as West Hararge
The Aniya Oromo, who live south of the Ittu and west of the Erer River;
The Afran Qallo which refer to the 4 decedents of Qallo, which are:
- Ala Oromo, living west of the city of Harar and the Erer River
- Oborra Oromo, living between the Ittu and Ala Oromo
- Babille Oromo, living east of the Erer River in the Oromia Region
- Dagaa Oromo (Huumee, Nole and Jarso):
  - (Huumee - Mana Hiyyoo) who live between Laaftoo and Faafam rivers
  - Nole Oromo who live east of Dire Dawa and north of Harar;
  - Jarso who live in the northeastern corner of the Oromia Region;
The Arsi Oromo, who primarily live in the Arsi Zone of the Oromia Region as well as the Bale Zone; and
The Qallu the one of Ittu tribe, who live between the Awash River Dire Dawa. And Hararghe.
The Sherifa, or Ashraf, who live between the Awash River and Dire Dawa East Hararge Babile Deder Gursum and West Hararge Gelemso

Related Research Articles

The Oromo people are a Cushitic ethnic group native to the Oromia region of Ethiopia and parts of Northern Kenya. They speak the Oromo language, which is part of the Cushitic branch of the Afroasiatic language family. They are one of the largest ethnic groups in Ethiopia. According to the last Ethiopian census of 2007, the Oromo numbered 25,488,344 people or 34.5% of the Ethiopian population. Recent estimates have the Oromo comprising 45,000,000 people, or 35.8% of the total Ethiopian population estimated at 116,000,000.

Oromia is a regional state in Ethiopia and the homeland of the Oromo people. Under Article 49 of Ethiopian Constitution, the capital of Oromia is Addis Ababa, also called Finfinne. The provision of the article maintains special interest of Oromia by utilizing social services and natural resources of Addis Ababa.

Hararghe was a province of eastern Ethiopia with its capital in Harar.

Historically, Ethiopia was divided into provinces, further subdivided into awrajjas or districts, until they were replaced by ethnolinguistic-based regions (kililoch) and chartered cities in 1995.

Bale Zone is a zone in Oromia Region of Ethiopia. Bale is bordered on the south by the Ganale Dorya River which separates it from Guji Zone, on the west by the West Arsi Zone, on the north by Arsi Zone, on the northeast by the Shebelle River which separates it from West Hararghe Zone and East Hararghe Zone, and on the east by the Somali Region.

West Hararge is a zone in the Oromia Region of Ethiopia. West Hararghe takes its name from the former province of Hararghe. West Harerge is bordered on the south by the Shebelle River which separates it from Bale, on the southwest by Arsi, on the northwest by the Afar Region, on the north by the Somali Region and on the east by East Hararghe. Towns in West Hararghe include Chiro, Badessa, Gelemso, and Mieso, Asebot.

East Hararghe is a zone in the Oromia Region of Ethiopia. East Hararghe Zone is bordered on the southwest by Bale, on the west by West Hararghe Zone, on the north by Dire Dawa and on the north and east by the Somali Region. The Harari Region is an enclave inside this zone

Most inhabited by Somalis

Seru is one of the Aanaas in the Oromia of Ethiopia. It is named after the Aanaa capital, Seru. Part of the Arsi Zone, Seru is bordered on the south and east by the Shebelle River which separates it from the Bale Zone, on the west by the Wabe River which separates it from Robe, on the north by Aminya, and on the northeast by the West Hararghe Zone. Woreda of Bale Gasegar was separated form Seru.

Kombolcha is a woreda in Oromia Region, Ethiopia. Part of the East Hararghe Zone, Kombolcha is bordered on the south by the Harari Region, on the southwest by Haro Maya, on the northwest by Dire Dawa, on the north by the Somali Region, and on the east by Jarso. The administrative center of the woreda is Melka Rafu.

Jarso is a woreda in Oromia Region, Ethiopia. Part of the East Hararghe Zone, Jarso is bordered on the south by the Harari Region, on the west by Kombolcha, on the north by the city of Dire Dawa, on the east by the Somali Region, and on the southeast by Gursum. The administrative center of this district is Ejersa Goro.

Haramaya is one of the woreda in the East Hararghe zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia. It is named from the Haramaya lake that found in the woreda. The word Haramaya is come from two Oromo language word's[Hara and Maya] Hara means Lake and maya means name of person so Haramaya means the 'lake of maya'. Haramaya is bordered on the south by Kurfa Chele, on the west by Kersa, on the north by Dire Dawa, on the east by Kombolcha, and on the southeast by the Harari Region. The woreda has 33 rural keble and 4 administrative towns. Towns include Haramaya, Addele, Aweday and sharif kaled.

Kersa is Districts of Ethiopia in the East Hararghe Zone of the Oromia, Ethiopia. It is named after a river that flows through it, the Kersa. The district is bordered on the south by Bedeno, on the west by Meta, on the north by Dire Dawa, on the northeast by Haro Maya, and on the southeast by Kurfa Chele. The administrative center of the district is Kersa; other towns include Langey and Watar. Before modern kersa established the city mid 17 century the Arab trader exchange bartery clothes with potate and cow goat and sheep. This area is Richest uranium deposit pegmatite rock and pitblende type of uranium.but our people growth chat crop in these area there is sweet chat when chewing it's a good "mirqaana" but a great health influence in this society this mineral dangerous health problems.

Galamso, is a town in West Haraghe of Oromia Region, Ethiopia, Gelemso is located in eastern Ethiopian and is far from country capital by 301 km and second way 413 km in the western periphery of the highly networked mountain chain referred to by the natives as Fugug and by geographers as the Ahmar Mountains. Most people say that it is the city of love locally [Biyyaa Jaalala]. Gelemso on 2013 EC became separate woreda in the West Hararghe Zone of the Oromia Regional State, it has a latitude and longitude of 8°49′N40°31′E. Gelemso is the origin of a variety of Jimaa called by the same name (Gelemso).

Qallo is one of the thirteen sub-clans of the Somali Sheikhal clan.

Mieso is a town in eastern Ethiopia. Located in the West Hararghe Zone of the Oromia Region, it has a latitude and longitude of 9°14′N40°45′E with an elevation of 1394 meters above sea level.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Arsi people</span> Subgroup of Oromo ethnic groups in southern Ethiopia

Arsi Oromo is an ethnic Oromo branch, inhabiting the Arsi, West Arsi and Bale Zones of the Oromia Region of Ethiopia, as well as in the Adami Tullu and Jido Kombolcha woreda of East Shewa Zone.The Arsi are made up of the Sikkoo-Mandoo branch of Barento Oromo. The Arsi in all zones speaks Oromo share the same culture, traditions and identity with other subgroup Oromo.

The Machaa are a subgroup of the Oromo people in western and Central Oromia. They live south of the Blue Nile (Abbai) in the northwestern part of the region of Oromia and in parts of West Shewa Zone, South West Shewa Zone, Oromia Special Zone Surrounding Finfinnee, West Welega Zone, East Welega Zone, Jimma, Jimma Zone, Illubabor Zone, Kelam Welega Zone,Horo Guduru and in parts Amhara Region particularly Gojjam zones. A small group of them lives in the area north of the Blue Nile Wambara in the Benishangul-Gumuz Region.

The Oromo expansions or the Oromo invasions, were a series of expansions in the 16th and 17th centuries by the Oromo. Prior to their great expansion in the 16th century, the Oromo inhabited only the area of what is now modern-day southern Ethiopia and northern Kenya. Over the centuries due to many factors, mostly the wars between the Adal Sultanate and the Ethiopian Empire would further encourage the numerous Oromo tribes to expand towards central and eastern modern Ethiopia.

References

↑ Asafa Jalata (2004). State Crises, Globalisation, and National Movements in North-east Africa. Routledge. pp. 112–113. ISBN 978-0-415-34810-2.
↑ Sarah Tishkoff; et al. (2009). "The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans" (PDF). Science. 324 (5930): 1035–44. Bibcode:2009Sci...324.1035T. doi:10.1126/science.1172257. PMC 2947357 . PMID 19407144. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-08-08. Retrieved 2017-12-07.
↑ Concise Encyclopedia of Languages of the World. Elsevier. 2010-04-06. ISBN 9780080877754 . Retrieved 2023-10-25.
↑ Asafa Jalata (2004). State Crises, Globalisation, and National Movements in North-east Africa. Routledge. pp. 105–107. ISBN 978-0-415-34810-2.
↑ Mohammed Hassen (2015). The Oromo and the Christian Kingdom of Ethiopia: 1300-1700. Boydell & Brewer. p. 109. ISBN 978-1-84701-117-6.
1 2 Asafa Jalata (2010), Oromo Peoplehood: Historical and Cultural Overview, Sociology, University of Tennessee Press, pages 5, 11-12
↑ Abbas Gnamo (2014). Conquest and Resistance in the Ethiopian Empire, 1880 -1974: The Case of the Arsi Oromo. BRILL Academic. pp. 77–79. ISBN 978-90-04-26548-6.
↑ Asafa Jalata (2004). State Crises, Globalisation, and National Movements in North-east Africa. Routledge. pp. 112–113. ISBN 978-0-415-34810-2.
↑ Braukämper, Ulrich (1977). "Islamic Principalities in Southeast Ethiopia Between the Thirteenth and Sixteenth Centuries (Part Ii)". Ethiopianist Notes. 1 (2): 28. JSTOR 42731322.

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[1] Asafa Jalata (2004). State Crises, Globalisation, and National Movements in North-east Africa. Routledge. pp. 112–113. ISBN 978-0-415-34810-2.

[Tishkoff2009-2] Sarah Tishkoff; et al. (2009). "The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans" (PDF). Science. 324 (5930): 1035–44. Bibcode:2009Sci...324.1035T. doi:10.1126/science.1172257. PMC 2947357 . PMID 19407144. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-08-08. Retrieved 2017-12-07.

[3] Concise Encyclopedia of Languages of the World. Elsevier. 2010-04-06. ISBN 9780080877754 . Retrieved 2023-10-25.

[4] Asafa Jalata (2004). State Crises, Globalisation, and National Movements in North-east Africa. Routledge. pp. 105–107. ISBN 978-0-415-34810-2.

[5] Mohammed Hassen (2015). The Oromo and the Christian Kingdom of Ethiopia: 1300-1700. Boydell & Brewer. p. 109. ISBN 978-1-84701-117-6.

[jalata5-6] 1 2 Asafa Jalata (2010), Oromo Peoplehood: Historical and Cultural Overview, Sociology, University of Tennessee Press, pages 5, 11-12

[7] Abbas Gnamo (2014). Conquest and Resistance in the Ethiopian Empire, 1880 -1974: The Case of the Arsi Oromo. BRILL Academic. pp. 77–79. ISBN 978-90-04-26548-6.

[8] Asafa Jalata (2004). State Crises, Globalisation, and National Movements in North-east Africa. Routledge. pp. 112–113. ISBN 978-0-415-34810-2.

[9] Braukämper, Ulrich (1977). "Islamic Principalities in Southeast Ethiopia Between the Thirteenth and Sixteenth Centuries (Part Ii)". Ethiopianist Notes. 1 (2): 28. JSTOR 42731322.

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