Baron Criminel

Last updated
Baron Criminel
Loa of Death
Venerated in Haitian Vodou, Louisiana Voodoo, Folk Catholicism
Feast November 3
Attributes Black tailcoat and top hat, cigar, bottle of wine
Patronage Death, cemeteries, criminals

Baron Criminel [1] [2] (also spelled Baron Kriminel) is a powerful spirit or loa in the Haitian Vodou religion. He is envisioned as the first murderer who has been condemned to death, and is invoked to pronounce swift judgment. Baron Criminel is syncretized with Saint Martin de Porres, perhaps because his feast day is November 3, the day after Fête Guede or Fête Ghede (Haitian Creole : Fèt Gede). His colors are black, purple, white and deep blood red.

Worship

A person possessed by Baron Criminel shouts obscenities, spits libations to all past criminals and threatens to kill surrounding people who violate them.[ clarification needed ] If, during possession, Baron Criminel is presented with food he does not like, he will threaten to bite chunks out of the arms of the possessed person. He sometimes calls for sacrifices of black chickens to be doused in petrol and set alight. The shrieking of the chickens when being burned alive is said to appeal to the cruel nature of Baron Criminel and appease him. Baron Criminel is said to be one of Baron Samedi's many aspects. [3]

Baron Criminel will often grant requests in lieu. He is said to return on Fete Ghede, the Voduns' "Festival of the Dead" (November 2), to claim payment.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lwa</span> Haitian Vodou spirits

Lwa, also called loa, are spirits in the African diasporic religion of Haitian Vodou and Dominican Vudú. They have also been incorporated into some revivalist forms of Louisiana Voodoo. Many of the lwa derive their identities in part from deities venerated in the traditional religions of West Africa, especially those of the Fon and Yoruba.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Agassou</span>

Agassou is a loa who guards the old traditions of Dahomey in the West African Vodun religion and the rada loa of Haitian Vodou.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ayizan</span>

Ayizan is the loa of the marketplace and commerce in Vodou, especially in Benin, Haiti and Suriname.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Baron Samedi</span> Loa of Haitian Vodou, Louisiana Voodoo and folk beliefs

Baron Samedi, also written Baron Samdi, Bawon Samedi or Bawon Sanmdi, is one of the lwa of Haitian Vodou. He is a lwa of the dead, along with Baron's numerous other incarnations Baron Cimetière, Baron La Croix and Baron Criminel.

Baron Cimetière is one of the Gede, a spirit of the dead, along with Baron Samedi and Baron La Croix in Vodou. He is said to be the guardian of the cemetery, protecting its graves.

The Gede are the family of lwa, spirits or deities associated with Ancestor worship in Haitian Vodou, that represent the powers of death and fertility. They are often said to be found at burial sites, where they escort the deceased to their afterlife. Gede spirits include Gede Doub, Guede-Linto, Guede L'Orage, Guede Oussou, Guede Nibo and Guede Masaka, and Guede Ti Malice. All are known for the drum rhythm and dance called the "banda". In possession, they will drink or rub themselves with a mixture of clairin and twenty-one scotch bonnet or goat peppers. Fèt Gede is celebrated on 2 November, All Souls' Day. Boons granted by the Gede not repaid by this date will be avenged afterwards.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Papa Legba</span> Ginen in Haitian Vodou

Papa Legba is a lwa, or loa, in West African Vodun and its diasporic derivatives, who serves as the intermediary between God and humanity. He stands at a spiritual crossroads and gives permission to speak with the spirits of Guineé, and is believed to speak all human languages. In Haiti, he is the great elocutioner. Legba facilitates communication, speech, and understanding. He is commonly associated with dogs. Papa Legba is invoked at the beginning of every ceremony. Papa Legba has his origins in the historic West African kingdom of Dahomey, located within present-day Benin.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Maman Brigitte</span> Death loa in Haitian vodou

Maman Brigitte sometimes also written as Manman Brigitte and also known by Gran Brigitte, Grann Brigitte, Manman, Manman Brigit, and Maman Brijit is a death loa and the consort of Baron Samedi in Haitian Vodou. She drinks rum infused with hot peppers and is symbolized by a black rooster. Maman Brigitte protects graves in Haitian cemeteries that are marked by the cross of Baron Samedi. Graves that are protected by Brigitte are marked by a mound of stones. In Vodou practice, the first burials serve as offerings to either Baron Samedi or Maman Brigitte depending on the gender of the person being laid to rest. If the deceased person is male then the grave is dedicated to Baron Samedi; if the deceased person is female then the grave is dedicated to Maman Brigitte.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Erzulie</span> Family of Voodoo spirits

Erzulie is a family of loa, or spirits, in Vodou.

Kalfu is a lwa in Haitian Vodou. He is often envisioned as a young man or as a enigmatic spirit; his color is black or red and he favors rum infused with gunpowder. He is often syncretized with the Shadow

Marassa Jumeaux are the divine twins in Vodou. They are children, but more ancient than any other loa. "Love, truth and justice. Directed by reason. Mysteries of liaison between earth and heaven and they personify astronomic-astrological learning. They synthesize the vodou Loa as personification of divine power and the human impotence. Double life, they have considerable power which allow them manage people through the stomach. They are children mysteries."

Marinette is a loa of power and violence in Haitian Vodou. In her petro form, she is called Marinette Bras Cheche or Marinette Pied Cheche, suggesting that she is skeletal.

Mombu is a loa who stutters and causes heavy rains in Voodoo.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Haitian Vodou and sexual orientation</span>

Homosexuality in Haitian Vodou is religiously acceptable and homosexuals are allowed to participate in all religious activities. However, in West African countries with major conservative Christian and Islamic views on LGBTQ people, the attitudes towards them may be less tolerant if not openly hostile and these influences are reflected in African diaspora religions following Atlantic slave trade which includes Haitian Vodou.

A bokor (male) or caplata (female) is a Vodou priest or priestess for hire in Haiti who is said to serve the loa, "'with both hands', practicing for both good and evil." Their practice includes the creation of zombies and of ouangas.

Guédé-Linto also spelled as Guédé Linto, Guede Linto, Ghede Linto, is a Vodou loa that performs miracles.

Guede L'Orage is a lwa in the Haitian Vodou religion. This spirit usually only manifests during storms.

Gede Nibo is a lwa who is leader of the spirits of the dead in Haitian Vodou. Formerly human, Gede Nibo was a handsome young man who was killed violently. After death, he was adopted as a lwa by Baron Samedi and Maman Brigitte. He is envisioned as an effeminate, nasal dandy. Nibo wears a black riding coat or drag. When he inhabits humans they are inspired to lascivious sexuality of all kinds.

Various LGBT themes are present in different in African diasporic mythologies, primary among them being Voodoo.

Julia Jackson was a Louisiana Voodoo practitioner from New Orleans.

References

  1. Alvarado, Denise, ed. (2001). Voodoo Hoodoo Spellbook. Red Wheel Weiser. p. 38. ISBN   9781609256159 . Retrieved 16 April 2021.
  2. Malbrough, Ray T., ed. (2003). Hoodoo Mysteries Folk Magic, Mysticism & Rituals. Llewellyn Publications. p. 147. ISBN   9780738703503 . Retrieved 15 April 2021.
  3. "Baron Samedi, Haitian Loa and Voodoo - article". 15 October 2013.