Baron is a rank of nobility or title of honour, often hereditary, in various European countries, either current or historical. The female equivalent is baroness. Typically, the title denotes an aristocrat who ranks higher than a lord or knight, but lower than a viscount or count. Often, barons hold their fief – their lands and income – directly from the monarch. Barons are less often the vassals of other nobles. In many kingdoms, they were entitled to wear a smaller form of a crown called a coronet.
Marquess of Lothian is a title in the Peerage of Scotland, which was created in 1701 for Robert Kerr, 4th Earl of Lothian. The Marquess of Lothian holds the subsidiary titles of Earl of Lothian, Earl of Lothian, Earl of Ancram (1633), Earl of Ancram, Viscount of Briene (1701), Lord Newbattle (1591), Lord Jedburgh (1622), Lord Kerr of Newbattle (1631), Lord Kerr of Nisbet, Langnewtoun, and Dolphinstoun (1633), Lord Kerr of Newbattle, Oxnam, Jedburgh, Dolphinstoun and Nisbet (1701), and Baron Ker, of Kersheugh in the County of Roxburgh (1821), all but the last in the Peerage of Scotland. As The Lord Ker in the Peerage of the United Kingdom, previous marquesses sat in the House of Lords before 1963, when Scottish peers first sat in the House of Lords in their own right. The holder of the marquessate is also the Chief of Clan Kerr.
In Scotland, "baron" or "baroness" is a rank of the ancient nobility of the Baronage of Scotland, and a title of honour, and refers to the holder of a barony, formerly a feudal superiority or prescriptive barony attached to land erected into a free barony by Crown Charter, this being the status of a minor baron, recognised by the crown as noble, but not a peer.
Clan Hay is a Scottish clan of the Grampian region of Scotland that has played an important part in the history and politics of the country. Members of the clan are to be found in most parts of Scotland and in many other parts of the world. However, the North East of Scotland, i.e. Aberdeenshire (historic), Banffshire, Morayshire and Nairnshire Nairn (boundaries), is the heart of Hay country with other significant concentrations of Hays being found in Perthshire, especially around Perth, in the Scottish Borders, and in Shetland. Clan Hay, since coming to America, has been instrumental in the shaping and founding of America, has made significant contributions throughout the nation's history. Members of this distinguished lineage have held numerous prominent roles, including Presidents, Governors, Legislators, and military leaders. Many locations across the United States bear the family's name in recognition of their impact.
The Scottish Noblesse is a class of aristocracy in Scotland, including both those with peerage titles as well as those without. The concept of this distinct Scottish noble class was prominently advocated for by Sir Thomas Innes of Learney during his tenure as Carrick Pursuivant of Arms and later Lord Lyon King of Arms.
The law of heraldic arms, sometimes simply laws of heraldry governs the possession, use or display of arms, called bearing of arms. That use includes the coats of arms, coat armour or armorial bearings. Originally with the sole function of enabling knights to identify each other on the battlefield, they soon acquired wider, more decorative uses. Today they are used by countries, public and private institutions or individuals. The first laws regarding arms were written by Bartolus de Saxoferrato and the officials who administer these matters today are called pursuivants, heralds, or kings of arms. The law of arms is part of the law in countries which regulate heraldry, although not part of common law in England and in countries whose laws derive from English law. In most European countries without monarchies, much like in the United States, there are no laws against assuming arms, with the closest legal authenticity mechanism being a pictorial copyright protection.
Lord of Pittenweem or Baron of Pittenweem is a title of nobility in the Baronage of Scotland.
A Lord in the Baronage of Scotland is an ancient title of nobility, held in baroneum, which Latin term means that its holder, who is a lord, is also always a baron. The holder may or may not be a Lord of Regality, which meant that the holder was appointed by the Crown and had the power of "pit and gallows", meaning the power to authorise the death sentence.
An Earl/Marquis/Duke in the Baronage of Scotland is an ancient title of nobility that is held en baroneum, which means that its holder, who is a earl/marquis/duke in the Baronage of Scotland, is also always a baron. The holder may or may not be a Lord of Regality, which meant that the holder was appointed by the Crown and had the power of "pit and gallows", meaning the power to authorise the death sentence.
In the Baronage of Scotland, a Lord of Regality is an ancient noble title. Lords of regality were said to hold a regality - a type of territorial jurisdiction under old Scots law. This jurisdiction was created by erecting lands in liberam regalitatem, and the area over which this right extended became the regality.
Baron of Cragie is a title of nobility in the Baronage of Scotland.
The Armorial Register Limited is a British publishing company focused on heraldic and genealogical topics. It was founded in 2006 with the aim of producing works related to heraldry and associated fields of study.
The following is an armorial of the individuals, who have served as governor-general of New Zealand.
Baron of Blackhall is a title of nobility in the Baronage of Scotland associated with the ancient lands of Blackhall, located in the parish of Paisley, Renfrewshire, Scotland.
Baron of Prestoungrange is one of the oldest aristocratic titles in the country, a title of nobility in the Baronage of Scotland associated with the lands of Prestoungrange, located near Prestonpans, East Lothian, Scotland.
Baron of Lochnaw is a title of nobility in the Baronage of Scotland associated with the historic Lochnaw Castle in Wigtownshire, Scotland. The title was created in 1699 for the Agnew family, who held the hereditary sheriffship of Galloway for many generations.
Baron of Abbotshall is a title of nobility in the Baronage of Scotland associated with the lands of Abbotshall, near Kirkcaldy in Fife, Scotland. The title has historical connections to the Scott family.
Lord of Arbroath or Baron of Arbroath is a title of nobility in the Baronage of Scotland that was raised to a free lordship, barony, regality and lord of parliament by royal charter back in the 17th century, historically associated with the town of Arbroath in Angus, Scotland.
Baron of Ardgowan is a noble title in the Baronage of Scotland, historically associated with the Stewart family and the Ardgowan Estate located in Inverkip, Renfrewshire. The title was first granted when the lands were raised to a barony in 1575 by James VI for Sir John Stewart of Ardgowan.
Baron of Ardoch is a title of nobility in the Baronage of Scotland, tied historically to the Ardoch Estate, located in Dumbartonshire. The lands of Ardoch trace back to 1398, when Robert III of Scotland granted the lands to Finlaw Buntyn, marking the beginning of the estate's long history. In 1707 the lands were erected into the Barony of Ardoch.
