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Batesville is the county seat and largest city of Independence County, Arkansas, United States, 80 miles (183 km) northeast of Little Rock, the state capital. According to the 2010 Census, the population of the city was 10,268. The city serves as a regional manufacturing and distribution hub for the Ozark Mountain region and Northeast Arkansas.
Hausmannite is a complex oxide, or a mixed oxide, of manganese containing both di- and tri-valent manganese. Its chemical formula can be represented as MnIIMnIII2O4, or more simply noted as MnO·Mn2O3, or Mn3O4, as commonly done for magnetite, the corresponding iron oxide. It belongs to the spinel group and forms tetragonal crystals. Hausmannite is a brown to black metallic mineral with Mohs hardness of 5.5 and a specific gravity of 4.8.
Mining in Brazil is centered on the extraction of iron, copper, gold, aluminum, manganese, tin, niobium, and nickel. About gemstones, Brazil is the world's largest producer of amethyst, topaz, agate and is a big producer of tourmaline, emerald, aquamarine, garnet and opal.
The Mining industry of Ghana accounts for 5% of the country's GDP and minerals make up 37% of total exports, of which gold contributes over 90% of the total mineral exports. Thus, the main focus of Ghana's mining and minerals development industry remains focused on gold. Ghana is Africa's largest gold producer, producing 80.5 t in 2008. Ghana is also a major producer of bauxite, manganese and diamonds. Ghana has 20 large-scale mining companies producing gold, diamonds, bauxite and manganese; over 300 registered small scale mining groups; and 90 mine support service companies.Other mineral commodities produced in the country are natural gas, petroleum, salt, and silver.
Manganese is a ghost town and former mining community in the U.S. state of Minnesota that was inhabited between 1912 and 1960. It was built in Crow Wing County on the Cuyuna Iron Range in sections 23 and 28 of Wolford Township, about 2 miles (3 km) north of Trommald, Minnesota. After its formal dissolution, Manganese was absorbed by Wolford Township; the former town site is located between Coles Lake and Flynn Lake. First appearing in the U.S. Census of 1920 with an already dwindling population of 183, the village was abandoned by 1960.
The Iacobeni mine is a large mine in the north of Romania in Suceava County, 96 km southwest of Suceava and 340 km north of the capital, Bucharest. Iacobeni represents the third largest copper reserve in Romania having estimated reserves of 200 million tonnes of ore grading 0.4% copper. The mine also has one of the largest manganese reserves in Romania estimated at 2.5 million tonnes of ore with an annual production of around 70,000 tonnes.
Metal production, in particular iron and steel industry, is the dominant heavy industry in Ukraine. Ukraine is the world's eighth largest producer and third largest exporter of iron and steel (2007). Ukrainian iron and steel industry accounts for around 2% of worldwide crude steel output, 5% to 6% of the national gross domestic product and 34% of Ukrainian export revenue. In 2007 it employed 420,000 people – 10% of industrial labor and 2% of the total workforce. It has the highest, by a wide margin, revealed comparative advantage of all branches of the Ukrainian economy. The industry peaked at 42.8 million tonnes in 2007 but has been gravely affected by the financial crisis of 2007–2010 and declined to 29.8 million tonnes in 2009.
The Răzoare mine was a large mine in the north of Romania in Maramureș County, 43 km (27 mi) southeast of Baia Mare and 507 km (315 mi) north of the capital, Bucharest. Răzoare represents one of the largest manganese reserve in Romania having estimated reserves of 5 million tonnes of manganese.
The Delinești mine is a large mine in the west of Romania in Caraș-Severin County, 38 km east of Reșița and 448 km west of the capital, Bucharest. Delinești represents one of the largest manganese reserve in Romania having estimated reserves of 7.5 million tonnes of manganese ore grading 20% manganese metal.
The Globurău mine is a large mine in the west of Romania in Caraș-Severin County, 29 km (18 mi) north of Orșova and 392 km (244 mi) west of the capital, Bucharest. Globurău is one of the largest manganese reserves in Romania, with estimated reserves of 3 million tons of manganese.
The Chiatura mine is a large mine complex located near the town of Chiatura in central-western Georgia in the Imereti region west of the national capital Tbilisi.
The Rudăria-Bănia mine is a large open pit mine in the south-western Romania in Caraș-Severin County. Rudăria-Bănia represents one of the largest iron ore reserves in Romania having estimated reserves of 70 million tonnes of ore grading 45% iron metal and 20% manganese metal. The mine has the capability to produce around 500,000 tonnes of iron ore/year.
The Azul mine is a mine in the north of Brazil in Pará. Azul represents one of the largest manganese reserves in Brazil, having estimated reserves of 64.2 million tonnes of manganese ore grading 28% manganese metal.
The Middelplaats mine is a mine located in the west of South Africa in Northern Cape. Middelplaats represents one of the largest manganese reserve in South Africa having estimated reserves of 52 million tonnes of manganese ore grading 38% manganese metal.
The Wessels mine is a mine located in the west of South Africa in Northern Cape. Wessels represents one of the largest manganese reserve in South Africa having estimated reserves of 198.8 million tonnes of manganese ore grading 55% manganese metal.
The Maple Mountain mine is a mine located in the north-east of the United States in Maine. Maple Mountain represents one of the largest manganese reserve in the United States, having estimated reserves of 341 million tonnes of manganese ore grading 9% manganese metal.
The Artillery Peak mine is a mine located in the western United States, about 3 miles (4.8 km) north of Alamo Lake in Mohave County, Arizona. Artillery Peak represents one of the largest manganese reserves in the United States, with estimated reserves of 159 million tons of manganese ore graded 3.9% manganese metal.
The Cuyuna Range mine is a mine located in the north of the United States in Minnesota. Cuyuna Range represents one of the largest manganese reserve in the United States having estimated reserves of 247 million tons of manganese ore grading 8% manganese metal.
The Șaru Dornei mine is a mine located in the north of Romania in Suceava County. Șaru Dornei represents one of the largest manganese reserve in the Romania having estimated reserves of 15 million tonnes of manganese ore grading 26% manganese metal.
The Cason Shale is a Late Ordovician to Middle Silurian geologic formation in the Ozark Plateaus of Arkansas. The name was introduced in 1894 by Henry Shaler Williams in his study of Arkansas. Williams designated a type locality at what was known as the Cason tract and mine, near Batesville, Independence County, Arkansas, however, he did not assign a stratotype. As of 2017, a reference section has not been designated for this unit.
References
- ↑ Manganese Reserves and Resources of the World. Washington DC: National Academies. 1981. p. 334.
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