Battle of Stubica (1573)

Last updated
Battle of Stubica
Part of Croatian–Slovene Peasant Revolt
Battle of Stubica reenactment (cropped).gif
Reenactment of the battle made on its 450th anniversary in February 2023.
Date9 February 1573
Location
Result Royal victory
Belligerents
Coat of arms of Croatia 1495.svg Kingdom of Croatia Rebel peasantry
Commanders and leaders

Coat of arms of Croatia 1495.svg Gašpar Alapić

Coat of arms of Croatia 1495.svg Mato Keglević

Vladislav of Plodvin  

Ambroz "beg" Gubec  (POW)

Ivan Pasanec  (POW)

Ivan Mogaić  
Strength

900 cavalry

4100 infantry
5,000-10,000 peasant rebels
Casualties and losses
Unknown Around 5,000 men

Battle of Stubica (1573) was the decisive battle of Croatian-Slovene Peasant Revolt of 1573. The battle ended in the defeat of peasant rebel army.

Contents

Battle

Upon learning of the approaching Croatian army, the peasant rebel leader Gubec deployed his force in battle order and gave them a short speech in order to encourage them for the upcoming fight, saying that "this day and battle will bring them glory and freedom if they win [...] and cruelty and torture by raging nobility if they lose. They should therefore fight courageously like men." [1] The Royal army commanded by Gašpar Alapić deployed opposite to the peasant army. Alapić placed his cavalry on both flanks and infantry consisting of musketeers along with artillery in the center. [1] [2] Noble army commanders gave speeches to their troops, reminding them of glorious battles they fought against the Ottomans and that they were "facing the enemy who not long ago carried plows and hoes". [2]

When the speeches were over, both armies clashed while screaming and shouting. Tadija Smičiklas claims that noblemen cavalry first charged on the peasants. [2] According to one account quoted by Vjekoslav Klaić, the battle raged for four hours. [1] The peasants apparently fought bravely against their enemies and even inflicted casualties to some of them, including killing the noble cavalry commander Vladislav of Plodvin. Klaić also refers to some unnamed contemporary source which claims that noble army prevailed after contingent of haramijas arrived to the battlefield, helping them destroy the peasant ranks. [1] Another account of events claims that the peasant army collapsed after enemy cavalry charged at them "from two sides". [3] After their formation collapsed, the remaining peasants started fleeing to the nearby hills and forests. [1]

Aftermath

After winning battle, the nobility started brutal campaign of vengeance on the defeated peasants, hanging them from nearby houses and trees. [1] Many peasants captured alive on the battlefield were mutilated by cutting their ears and noses, so they would "carry the eternal and ugly memory of the rebellion". [3] The nobility continued on with their brutal retaliation against the peasants for the next two days. [3] The peasant leaders Gubec and Pasanec were captured and taken to Zagreb to be tried. Both were eventually tortured and executed. [1]

Footnotes

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Klaić, 375
  2. 1 2 3 Smičiklas, 68
  3. 1 2 3 Hartinger, 163

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Croatian–Slovene Peasant Revolt</span> South Slavic peasant uprising against the perceived tyranny of a baron

The Croatian–Slovene Peasant Revolt, Gubec's Rebellion or Gubec's peasant uprising of 1573 was a large peasant revolt on territory forming modern-day Croatia and Slovenia. The revolt, sparked by cruel treatment of serfs by Baron Ferenc Tahy, ended after 12 days with the defeat of the rebels and bloody retribution by the nobility.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Matija Gubec</span> 16th century Croatian revolutionary

Matija Gubec, also known as Ambroz Gubec, was a Croatian revolutionary, and a leader of the Croatian–Slovene Peasant Revolt of 1573. He was part of the court of three people that governed the rebels.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ilija Gregorić</span>

Ilija Gregorić was a Croatian soldier, and a prominent peasant army commander from Croatian and Slovenian peasant revolt of 1573. He was also known under the nickname "Prebeg" for escaping twice from Ottoman captivity.

The military history of Croatia encompasses wars, battles and all military actions fought on the territory of modern Croatia and the military history of the Croat people regardless of political geography.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Battle of Krbava Field</span> 1493 battle of the Hundred Years Croatian-Ottoman War

The Battle of Krbava Field was fought between the Ottoman Empire of Bayezid II and an army of the Kingdom of Croatia, at the time in personal union with the Kingdom of Hungary, on 9 September 1493, in the Krbava field, a part of the Lika region in Croatia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Susedgrad</span> Ruined castle in western Zagreb, Croatia

Susedgrad Castle, or earlier also only Sused, is a ruined medieval fortress on the far-western hill of mount Medvednica, while also marking the far-western part of modern-day Zagreb, Croatia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hundred Years' Croatian–Ottoman War</span> Sequence of conflicts between the Ottoman Empire and Kingdom of Croatia from 1493 to 1593

The Hundred Years' Croatian–Ottoman War was a sequence of conflicts, mostly of relatively low intensity, between the Ottoman Empire and the medieval Kingdom of Croatia, and the later Habsburg Kingdom of Croatia. Besides periods of small-scale borderland warfare, the conflict also saw episodes of major conquest campaigns of Croatian land undertaken by the Ottomans especially during the 16th century.

<i>Anno Domini 1573</i> 1975 film

Anno Domini 1573 is a 1975 Yugoslav/Croatian feature film directed by Vatroslav Mimica. The film was selected for Directors' Fortnight section at Cannes Film Festival in 1976.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Juraj Drašković</span> Croatian Roman Catholic statesman and cardinal

Juraj II Drašković was a Croatian nobleman, statesman and Catholic bishop and cardinal, very powerful and influential in the Croatian Kingdom. He was a member of the Drašković noble family and elected by the Sabor – the Parliament of Croatia – as Ban (viceroy) of Croatia to oversee the country between 1567 and 1578.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Battle of Vrpile</span> 1491 conflict in Croation-Ottoman War

The Battle of Vrpile or Battle of Vrpile Gulch, also known as the First Battle of Krbava Polje, was fought between the Kingdom of Croatia and the Ottoman Empire in early September 1491 at the Vrpile pass in central Croatia, near Korenica in Krbava. The Croatian army, led by Ban Ladislav of Egervár and Knez (Prince) Bernardin Frankopan, defeated the Ottomans who were on their way back from a raid into Carniola, to the Sanjak of Bosnia, carrying booty and Christian captives to be sold into slavery.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mlinarić family</span>

The Mlinarić family was the name of a noted Croatian noble family.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Battle of Una</span> 1483 battle between the Ottoman Empire and the Kingdom of Croatia; Croatian victory

The Battle of Una was fought on 29 and 30 October 1483 between the regional Ottoman forces, mostly from the Sanjak of Bosnia, and the Kingdom of Croatia near Brod Zrinski at the Una River crossing and was one of the first major Croatian victories against the Ottoman Empire. The Croatian army was led by the Ban of Croatia Matthias Geréb and several members of the House of Frankopan, joined by other Croatian nobles and the Despot of Serbia, Vuk Grgurević. Their goal was to intercept the Ottomans that were moving towards the Una River. In the battle that lasted for 2 days the Ottomans were defeated and soon a 7-year truce was signed with Sultan Bayezid II.

The Battle of Dubica was fought on 16 August 1513 between the Kingdom of Croatia and the Ottoman Empire. The Croatian army was commanded by Petar Berislavić, Ban of Croatia, while the Ottoman army was mostly composed of forces from the Sanjak of Bosnia under the command of Sanjak-bey Junuz-aga. The two armies clashed near the town of Dubica in central Croatia, between the Sava and Una rivers. The battle resulted in a Croatian victory and heavy losses for the Ottoman side.

Hrvatin Stjepanić, was a Bosnian magnate with the title of Knez of Donji Kraji in Bosnia (de inferioribus Bosne confinibus. In historiography, Hrvatin's surname is spelled Stjepanić or Stipanić. Hrvatin is a namesake for the Hrvatinić noble family.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ferenc Tahy</span> Hungarian-Croatian nobleman

Ferenc Tahy de Tahvár et Tarkő, was a Hungarian–Croatian nobleman from the Tahy family, which draws its origins from Pilis County. He was known to have held the positions of royal adviser and master of the horse. His cruel treatment of serfs was one of the causes of Croatian–Slovene Peasant Revolt.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Siege of Varaždin (1527)</span> Muzahid Islam Manir

The siege of Varaždin was a siege in the Kingdom of Croatia. The war came as a result of Croatian, Slavonian and Hungarian noble diets electing different candidates for their kings, following the death of Louis II of Hungary at Battle of Mohacs.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Croatian-Slavonian-Dalmatian theater in the Great Turkish War</span>

The Great Turkish War of 1684–1689 saw conflict between the Holy League and the Ottoman Empire in territories of Croatia, Slavonia and Dalmatia. The war was concluded by the Treaty of Karlowitz in 1699, which significantly eased the Ottoman grip on Croatia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Siege of Bihać (1697)</span> A Habsburg siege of Ottoman town of Bihać during Great Turkish War

Siege of Bihać (1697) was a Habsburg siege of the Ottoman fortress town of Bihać in Bosnian Krajina. The siege was planned as a diversionary attack from main Habsburg offensive on Danube river, and was called off after several failed storming attempts.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Henning–Tahy conflict</span>

The Henning–Tahy conflict was a series of armed conflicts and legal disputes between a faction centered around Ursula Meknitzer Henning and a faction centered around Ferenc Tahy, over the control of Susedgrad castle. Throughout their strife for the possession of this castle, the rival nobles also attempted to incite its rival's peasants against their own master, which was one of the causes for major Croatian–Slovene Peasant Revolt in 1573.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Battle of Belaj</span>

Battle of Belaj was a battle between Ottoman army returning from their raid on Carniola and Croatia. It took place on 4 October 1528 under the castle of Belaj, in modern-day village of Barilović in Croatia.

References