| Battle of Zikr Amhara | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
 Ethiopian Empire |  Adal Sultanate | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
| Dawit I | Sabr ad-Din III | ||||||
| Strength | |||||||
| Unknown | Outnumbered | ||||||
The Battle of Zikr Amhara was a military engagement fought between the Ethiopian Empire and the emerging Adal Empire. The Adalite army was victorious and the reconquest of Adal began. [1] [2]
After their father was defeated in 1409, Sabr ad-Din III and his brothers fled in Yemen to the Rasulid court at Ta‘izz where they were received by the Sultan al-Malik al-Nāṣir. It is probable that they joined their uncle there. [3]
In 1412, Sabr ad-Din and his brothers came back to the Horn of Africa and landed in Siyara where they were joined by a number of their father's former followers to claim their once lost Kingdom, what followed was a series of hostilities and battles between the Christian Kingdom of Ethiopia and the emerging Adal Empire, among those conflicts is the Battle of Serjan and the Battle of Retwa but also the Battle of Adal and other small clashes and raids. [3]
Tough outnumbered by the soldiers of the Christian state, they fought a successful battle. Scattering their enemies, they burned many houses and churches and took a large amount of booty in Gold and other valuables. [4] [5]
The Adal Sultanate also known as the Adal Empire, or Bar Saʿad dīn was a medieval Sunni Muslim Empire which was located in the Horn of Africa. It was founded by Sabr ad-Din III on the Harar plateau in Adal after the fall of the Sultanate of Ifat. The kingdom flourished c. 1415 to 1577. At its height, the polity under Sultan Badlay controlled the territory stretching from Cape Guardafui in Somalia to the port city of Suakin in Sudan. The Adal Empire maintained a robust commercial and political relationship with the Ottoman Empire. Sultanate of Adal was alternatively known as the federation of Zeila.
Amda Seyon I, also known as Amda Tsiyon I, throne name Gebre Mesqel was Emperor of Ethiopia from 1314 to 1344 and a member of the Solomonic dynasty.
Newaya Krestos was Emperor of Ethiopia from 1344 to 1372, and a member of the Solomonic dynasty. He was the eldest son of Amda Seyon I.
Yeshaq I, throne name: Gabra Masqal II was Emperor of Ethiopia from 1414 to 1429/1430, and a member of the Solomonic dynasty. He was the second son of Emperor Dawit I.
The Sultanate of Ifat, known as Wafāt or Awfāt in Arabic texts, or the Kingdom of Zeila was a medieval Sunni Muslim state in the eastern regions of the Horn of Africa between the late 13th century and early 15th century. It was formed in present-day Ethiopia around eastern Shewa in Ifat. Led by the Walashma dynasty, the polity stretched from Zequalla to the port city of Zeila. The kingdom ruled over parts of what are now Ethiopia, Djibouti and Somaliland.
Sa'ad ad-Din II, reigned c. 1386 – c. 1403 or c. 1410, was a Sultan of the Ifat Sultanate. He was the brother of Haqq ad-Din II, and the father of Mansur ad-Din, Sabr ad-Din II and Badlay ibn Sa'ad ad-Din. The historian Richard Pankhurst describes him as "the last great ruler of Ifat."
Haqq ad-Din II was a Sultan of the Ifat Sultanate, the brother of Sa'ad ad-Din II, and the son of Ahmad ibn Ali.
The Walashma dynasty was a medieval Muslim dynasty of the Horn of Africa founded in Ifat. Founded in the 13th century, it governed the Ifat and Adal Sultanates in what are present-day Somaliland, Djibouti and eastern Ethiopia.
Sabr ad-Din III was a Sultan of Adal and the oldest son of Sa'ad ad-Din II. Sabr ad-Din returned to the Horn of Africa from Yemen to reclaim his father's realm. He defeated the Ethiopians and proclaimed himself "King of Adal". He subsequently became the first ruler and founder of the new Adal dynasty.
Mansur ad-Din was a Sultan of the Sultanate of Adal and a son of Sa'ad ad-Din II.
Badlay ibn Sa'ad ad-Din II (also known as Sihab ad-Din Ahmad Badlay, Arwe Badlay – "Badlay the Beast" was a Sultan of the Sultanate of Adal and a son of Sa'ad ad-Din II. Brought numerous Christian lands under Muslim rule and contributed to expanding Adal's reach and power in the region. The polity under Sultan Badlay controlled the territory stretching from port city of Suakin in Sudan to covering the whole Afar plains to the Shewa and Chercher Mountains to include significant portions of Somaliland. His name Badlay means "upper country" in the Harari language. Sultanate of Mogadishu was also tributary state of Adal under Badlay.
The Battle of Gomit or Battle of Egubba was fought in 1445 between the Ethiopian Empire and a powerful Muslim army under the Adal Sultanate. The Ethiopians were led by Emperor Zara Yaqob, while the forces of Adal were led by Sultan Badlay ibn Sa'ad ad-Din. The Ethiopian army was victorious, and Badlay was slain.
The Ethiopian–Adal War or Abyssinian–Adal War, also known in Arabic as the "Futuḥ al-Ḥabash", was a military conflict between the Christian Ethiopian Empire and the Muslim Adal Sultanate from 1529 to 1543. The Christian Ethiopian troops consisted of the Amhara, Tigrayans, Tigrinya and Agaw people, and at the closing of the war, supported by a few hundred Portuguese musketmen. Whereas Adal forces were mainly comprised of Harla, Somali, Afar, as well as Arab and Turkish gunmen. Both sides at times would see the Maya mercenaries join their ranks.
Dawaro or Doaro was a Muslim principality which laid alongside the Ifat Sultanate. The state was originally independent until becoming a vassal and later a province due its subjugation by Emperor Amda Seyon I in the early 14th century. The region was situated east of Hadiya and north of Bali which covered much of Ethiopia's Arsi Province.
Siyara was a historic coastal settlement and fort located in the Sahil region of Somaliland. It served as the first capital of the Adal Sultanate following the Muslim resurgence spearheaded by Sabr ad-Din II.
The siege of Mukha was fought in 1423 between the Ethiopian Empire and the Adal Empire. Sultan Mansur ad-Din was victorious after a siege lasting two months.
Abu Bakr "the Slim" (Qaṭin) also known simply as Qaṭin sometimes spelt Qecchin or Katchthcen was a general in the Adal Sultanate under Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi. Abubaker's sobriquet "Qaṭin" is derived from the Harari term for "thin". He was the Garad of Hubat.
The 1stBattle of Yedaya was a military engagement fought between the Ethiopian Empire and the Adal Empire. The Adalite army was victorious and the Ethiopian king was captured and killed.
The Battle of Serjan was military engagement fought between the Ethiopian Empire and the emerging Adal Empire. The Adalite army was victorious and the reconquest of the Kingdom continues.
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