Before the Mourning

Last updated

Before the Mourning
Before the Mourning.jpg
Before the Mourning performing in 2015
Background information
Also known asB4TM
OriginLos Angeles, California, U.S.
Genres Heavy metal, thrash metal [1]
Years active2012 (2012)–2015 (2015)
LabelsStreet Smart Recordings
Past membersAdam Ryan
CJ Cussell
Johnny Young
Vincent Ferro
Phil Gonyea
Kyle Mayer
Paul McBride
Jeff Stevenson
Nikki Stringfield
Website Before the Mourning on Facebook

Before the Mourning (also initialized as B4TM) was an American heavy metal band from Los Angeles. The band has released two EPs entitled Remembrance [2] [3] as well as Damned and Forsaken, [4] and published full-length album Etherial End on August 21, 2015. [5] On November 24, 2015, the ensemble announced that they have permanently split up. [6]

Contents

History

Adam Ryan Adam Ryan.jpg
Adam Ryan
Phil Gonyea Phil Gonyea 2.jpg
Phil Gonyea
CJ Cussell CJ Cussell.jpg
CJ Cussell
Jeff Stevenson Jeff Stevenson.jpg
Jeff Stevenson
Paul McBride Paul McBride.jpg
Paul McBride

Remembrance (2011-2013)

In December 2011, Phillip Gonyea, the former percussionist for bands Instinct of Aggression and Against All Will approached Johnny Young of The Kill Corps about performing music. Because the sessions proved to be successful, Adam Ryan, who also performed with The Kill Corps, was brought in to sing, after which time their first track "Dismember" was recorded. Weeks later, the band met guitarist Nikki Stringfield, at which time Before the Mourning began. In August 2012, their first EP, named Remembrance, was released free of charge via Facebook. [7]

The song "Dead to You" is described by Young as being "breakup music for tough guys", focusing on "a relationship that can't work no matter how hard you try". [3] The lyric video for this song was released on September 6, 2012. [8] [9] "Before the Mourning", the title track from the album, talks about "focus[ing] on the good times" had with someone that people have lost, "the double entendre within the band name". [3] The music video for this song was released on January 17, 2013. [10]

Damned and Forsaken (2013-2014)

Halfway through 2013, the band began work on their second EP, entitled Damned and Forsaken. At the end of July, the band released the title track via their ReverbNation page, [11] followed by "Grim" in early August. [12] In the week following, the ensemble then published "The Right to Die" as well as demo "Need to Bleed". [13]

In early 2014, the band performed on The Hell Pop Tour II with In This Moment, Butcher Babies, Devour the Day, and All Hail the Yeti. [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] Following the tour, Stringfield and the ensemble parted ways. [20]

Etherial End (2014-2015)

In June 2014, a lyric video was debuted for "Another Sleepless Night", [21] with "Continuum" published via SoundCloud just over two months later. [22] [23] The ensemble, along with American rock band Malaki then visited the western United States for their "Pacific Rim Tour". [24] [25] [26] [27] [28] [29]

To begin 2015, the group released the official music video for "Another Sleepless Night", [30] directed by Kevin J. Custer. [1] [31] [32] At the end of July 2015, the ensemble released "The Deception", the third tune from the album. The song is about an abnormal love triangle confounded by the deceptions used by all of the individuals involved. The band made the decision to open the album with "The Deception", as the "happy sounding intro is a complete 180 from the rest of the track" which "drops into a heavy driving groove which doesn’t let up". [33]

In mid-August, a new song entitled "Honestly" was released via ArtistDirect. According to Ryan, the tune is "about that time in your life when you come to a crossroads", "that time when you can either keep on living the way you've been living, or make the choice to be something better". The singer goes on to say that "even then, you still struggle with your inner demons who try and convince you that you've made the wrong choice". [34]

In late July, the group announced that their debut full-length album entitled Etherial End would be available on August 21, 2015. [30] Co-produced by Logan Mader, [35] the work was released via Street Smart Recordings. From August until September 2015, the ensemble toured with Fear Factory, Once Human, and Chicago rock band The Bloodline. [14] [36]

On November 7, 2015, it was announced that Ryan and the band had parted ways. [37] Seventeen days later, on November 24, 2015, it was announced that the ensemble had permanently split up. [6]

Post breakup (2015-present)

Guitarist Christopher Cussell performs with bands Corrosion [38] and Forty Winters. [39] Phil Gonyea returned to his old ensemble Instinct of Aggression. [40] Bassist Paul McBride has continued to perform in Florida rock band The Killing Hours. [41] Lead vocalist Adam Ryan started three new musical projects, A Callous Confession, [42] Valor & Vengeance [43] and Alphamega. [44]

Critical reception

Jason Rhode of Cryptic Rock describes debut album Etherial End as "a high-octane soundtrack of raw emotion". Rhode goes on to say that "The Deception" has a "melodic intro that is deceptively Alternative Pop akin to Sheryl Crow's "All I Wanna Do" with "speedy drums kick[ing] in, accompanied by Cussell and Stevenson’s guitars". The reviewer then talks about "Another Sleepless Night", [14] a track that discusses the end of one of Ryan's relationships and his self-medicating to cope, [45] then returning the listener to hard metal as the guitars fade and the drums kick. Rhode concludes by stating that the band "is precise like a striking cobra with the elegance of a panther, musically and vocally" and that "each track is like Christmas; as they unfold, the beauty within is seen". [14] Jeff Kendrick, DevilDriver guitarist and co-founder of All Axess describes the band as "very comfortable in their own shoes they blend perfectly delectable riffs and heaviness with cathartic screams and vibrant choruses", going on to portray them as a "very promising band with what we’re sure is a vibrant future ahead". [45]

Brave Words & Bloody Knuckles stated that the band "definitely understand[s] their roots", and that "Possessing a timeless grasp on melody, propensity for airtight riffs, and emotionally palpable vocals, they deliver technical, taught, and tough metal that’s as memorable as it is magnetic". [1]

Alice Roques of Rock Revolt Magazine gave Etherial End "4.5 skulls", describing it as "an album that showcases everything this band can accomplish, and more", going on to say that Etherial End is a record that should be absorbed and reabsorbed" and that "A listener should put their ears on it and become one with it, because it is powerful and has all the intricacies that a musical enthusiast can dissect and savor over and over again." [46]

Anthony Giles of The Pit: Sports & Entertainment and The Oakland Post describes the composition as "intricate, with enough punch to draw new faces into the scene" being a "hard-hitting mixture of chugging breakdowns, bass drops, loud and angry screams, and some heartfelt, mid-tone clean vocals". [47] [48]

Bill Jolliemore of National Rock Review describes the work as bass and drums that "snake from simple to complex time signatures with a mix of straight forward and syncopated beats providing a solid foundation", with guitars "adding layers of chugging rhythm, and slow to shredding melodic leads". Jolliemore goes on to say that "the technical, galloping, and helicopter like drums will challenge even the most experienced air drumming metal heads out there". [49]

Personnel

Final lineup

Former members

Discography

Studio albums

EPs

Videos

Other information

Bassist Paul McBride is an editor for Bass Musician Magazine [62] and also performs with American heavy metal band The Killing Hours from Miami, Florida. [41]

Related Research Articles

Smile Empty Soul American post-grunge band

Smile Empty Soul is an American rock band, originally from Santa Clarita, California, United States. It was started in 1998 by Sean Danielsen, Ryan Martin (bass), and Derek Gledhill (drums). Following the departure of Gledhill and Martin from the band in 2005 and 2017, respectively, Danielsen remains the only founding member still active as well as the band's primary songwriter, frontman, and leader.

Sikth are a British progressive metal band from Watford, Hertfordshire, England, formed in 1999.

Mushroomhead American heavy metal band

Mushroomhead is an American heavy metal band from Cleveland, Ohio. Formed in 1993 in the Cleveland Warehouse District, the band is known for their avant-garde sound which includes influence from metal, art rock and electro-industrial and their imagery which features masks and costumes as well as their unique live shows usually performed at smaller venues.

Flyleaf (band) American rock band

Flyleaf is an American rock band formed in Belton, Texas, in 2002. The band has charted on mainstream rock, Christian pop and Christian metal genres. They performed around the United States in 2003 before releasing their eponymous debut album, Flyleaf, in 2005. The album went platinum after selling more than one million copies. Flyleaf released their second album Memento Mori on November 10, 2009; it debuted and peaked at No. 8 on the Billboard charts. Flyleaf's third album New Horizons was released on October 30, 2012. Shortly before the album's release, lead vocalist Lacey Sturm announced her departure. Kristen May subsequently became the new lead vocalist. May sang with the band until August 2016, when she announced her departure from the band.

Patrick Kennison American rock musician

Patrick Kennison is an American rock musician. He co-founded The Union Underground who played on Ozzfest 2001 and released an album An Education in Rebellion which sold 350,000 copies. Union Underground broke up due to musical differences with Kennison forming a new band 3-Faced with Marty O'Brien.

The Iron Maidens American heavy metal band

The Iron Maidens are an American heavy metal band from Los Angeles, formed in 2001 as an all-female tribute act to English heavy metal band Iron Maiden. The band currently consists of drummer Linda McDonald, bassist Wanda Ortiz, lead vocalist Kirsten Rosenberg and guitarists Courtney Cox and Nikki Stringfield.

All That Remains (band) American metal band

All That Remains is an American heavy metal band from Springfield, Massachusetts, formed in 1998. They have released nine studio albums, a live CD and DVD, and have sold over a million records worldwide. The group currently consists of vocalist Philip Labonte, rhythm guitarist Mike Martin, former Diecast drummer Jason Costa, and lead guitarist Jason Richardson, with Labonte being the last remaining original member. In spite of this, the band's line-up had remained consistent from the release of 2008's Overcome until 2015's The Order of Things, spanning four albums. This line-up changed, however, in September 2015, when long-time bassist Jeanne Sagan left the band, with Patrick taking her place, and then again in February 2019, when the band confirmed that Jason Richardson would be joining the band to replace the deceased lead guitarist and original member, Oli Herbert. In 2021, Aaron Patrick parted ways with All That Remains to focus on his other band, Bury Your Dead.

Heaven Below American rock band

Heaven Below is an American hard rock band based in Los Angeles. The band's debut album Countdown to Devil was released March 2009.

Avatar (band) Swedish heavy metal band

Avatar is a Swedish heavy metal band, formed in Gothenburg in 2001. The band has released eight studio albums, the most recent being Hunter Gatherer in 2020. The band has had some success on US rock radio, notably with their song "New Land", which peaked at number 20 on the Billboard Mainstream Rock Songs chart in May 2017.

Filter (band) American rock band

Filter is an American rock band formed in 1993 in Cleveland, Ohio, by singer Richard Patrick and guitarist and programmer Brian Liesegang. The band was formed when Patrick desired to start his own band after leaving Nine Inch Nails as their touring guitarist. Their debut album Short Bus was released in 1995 and ended up going platinum, largely due to the success of the single "Hey Man Nice Shot". After the album, the band would go through the first of many lineup changes, leaving Patrick as the only consistent member across all releases.

Tesseract are an English progressive metal band from Milton Keynes. The band, formed in 2003, consists of Daniel Tompkins, Alec "Acle" Kahney, James Monteith, Amos Williams and Jay Postones. The band is currently signed to Kscope. They are credited as one of the bands to pioneer the djent movement in progressive metal. As of 2022, Tesseract have released four studio albums: One, Altered State, Polaris and Sonder, as well as two live albums, Odyssey/Scala and Portals, and the extended plays Concealing Fate, Perspective and Errai.

Don Broco British Rock Band

Don Broco are a British rock band formed in Bedford, England, in 2008. The band consists of Rob Damiani, Simon Delaney (guitar), Tom Doyle and Matt Donnelly. The band have released four studio albums, including Priorities (2012), Automatic (2015) and Technology (2018). Their most recent album Amazing Things (2021) was their first to reach No.1 in the UK Album Charts.

September Mourning is a hard rock band, which incorporates a transmedia dark culture project created by Emily Lazar and Marc Silvestri. The conceptual project was formed by frontwoman, vocalist, and screamer, Emily Lazar in New York in 2009. The concept narrative created by Lazar and incorporated in the band and their performances, centers around the fictional story of a human-grim reaper hybrid named September, as she navigates the worlds of the living and the dead. The character's human-side possesses the empathy to give some human souls a second chance. The story is presented on different media platforms, including music, comic books, and live concerts. The comic books are published by Top Cow Productions Image Comics.

Texas Hippie Coalition American heavy metal band

Texas Hippie Coalition is an American heavy metal band from Denison, Texas.

July Talk Canadian alternative rock band

July Talk is a Canadian alternative rock band formed in 2012 in Toronto, Ontario. The band consists of singers Peter Dreimanis and Leah Fay, guitarist Ian Docherty, bassist Josh Warburton, and drummer Danny Miles. July Talk released its self-titled debut album with Sleepless Records on 16 October 2012 and its second album Touch on 9 September 2016.

Nikki Stringfield American guitarist

Nikki Stringfield (born 1990) is an American heavy metal musician. She is the current guitarist for both The Iron Maidens and Femme Fatale, the current touring guitarist for Heaven Below, as well as the former guitarist for Before the Mourning.

Rings of Saturn (band) American deathcore band

Rings of Saturn is an American deathcore band from the Bay Area, California. The band was formed in 2009 and was originally just a studio project. However, after gaining a wide popularity and signing to Unique Leader Records, the band formed a full line-up and became a full-time touring band. Rings of Saturn's music features a highly technical style, heavily influenced by themes of alien life and outer space. They have released six full-length albums, with their third, Lugal Ki En, released in 2014 and peaking at 126 on the American Billboard 200 chart while their fourth, Ultu Ulla was released in 2017 and peaked at 76 on the Billboard 200, making it the band's highest peak to date. Gidim was released in October 2019.

Once Human American metal band

Once Human is an American heavy metal band from Los Angeles, California, founded in 2014 by music producer and former Machine Head/Soulfly guitarist Logan Mader. On September 4, 2015, the band released their debut album The Life I Remember through earMUSIC.

Myka Relocate Defunct American metalcore band

Myka Relocate was an American metalcore band formed in Lafayette, Louisiana in 2007, later based in Houston, Texas. The band has released three studio albums, Self Portrait as a Frozen Father, Lies to Light the Way and The Young Souls in addition to taking part in four annual South by So What?! music festivals between 2012 and 2015 as well as the 2016 SO WHAT! Music Festival. The band is credited with being able to successfully combine electronic elements, guttural screaming and pop vocals.

Sharptooth American hardcore punk band

Sharptooth is an American hardcore punk band from Baltimore, Maryland, United States. The ensemble has released an EP called Chompers and two studio albums, entitled Clever Girl and Transitional Forms.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 "BEFORE THE MOURNING Premier "Another Sleepless Night" Music Video". Bravewords.com. Retrieved August 17, 2015.
  2. 1 2 "Free Music Wednesday Feat. Before The Mourning Benefit Show – Tickets – The Roxy Theatre – West Hollywood, CA – September 4th, 2013". Ticketfly. September 4, 2013. Retrieved August 15, 2015.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 "Free Music Wednesday Feat. Before The Mourning Benefit Show – Tickets – The Roxy Theatre – West Hollywood, CA – September 4th, 2013". The Roxy. September 4, 2013. Archived from the original on November 26, 2015. Retrieved August 15, 2015.
  4. 1 2 "iTunes - Music - Damned and Forsaken EP by Before the Mourning". Itunes.apple.com. April 8, 2014. Archived from the original on November 29, 2015. Retrieved August 15, 2015.
  5. ↑ "BEFORE THE MOURNING Streaming New Track "The Deception"; Band Prepare For FEAR FACTORY Tour". Bravewords.com. Retrieved August 15, 2015.
  6. 1 2 "It's with great regret that I inform you... - Before The Mourning". Facebook. Retrieved November 25, 2015.
  7. ↑ "Before The Mourning Gets Amped By". All Axess. August 17, 2012. Retrieved August 17, 2015.
  8. ↑ "BEFORE THE MOURNING - "Dead To You" (Lyrical Video)". YouTube. September 6, 2012. Retrieved August 15, 2015.
  9. ↑ "Good Mourning!!! Music Video Shoot is... - Before The Mourning". Facebook. September 16, 2012. Retrieved August 15, 2015.
  10. 1 2 "BEFORE THE MOURNING - "Before The Mourning" (OFFICIAL VIDEO_High Quality HD)". YouTube. Retrieved August 15, 2015.
  11. ↑ "Hey all you Angels and Demons! Check out... - Before The Mourning". Facebook. Retrieved August 15, 2015.
  12. ↑ "Angels and Demons, our new track "Grim"... - Before The Mourning". Facebook. August 9, 2013. Retrieved August 15, 2015.
  13. ↑ "Make sure you're getting your daily dose... - Before The Mourning". Facebook. August 16, 2013. Retrieved August 15, 2015.
  14. 1 2 3 4 "Before the Mourning - Etherial End (Album Review) | CrypticRock Cryptic Rock". Crypticrock.com. August 11, 2015. Retrieved August 15, 2015.
  15. ↑ "In This Moment featuring Devour The Day / Butcher Babies / All..." www.ktvu.com. Archived from the original on December 19, 2013. Retrieved December 19, 2013.
  16. ↑ "The Hell Pop Tour II with In This Moment and More | Missoula, MT". Jade Presents. Archived from the original on December 19, 2013. Retrieved December 19, 2013.
  17. ↑ "In This Moment – Tickets – Trocadero Theatre – Philadelphia, PA – January 17th, 2014 | The Trocadero Theatre". Thetroc.com. May 7, 2013. Archived from the original on December 19, 2013. Retrieved December 19, 2013.
  18. ↑ "In This Moment The Webster Theater". Webstertheater.com. Archived from the original on December 21, 2013. Retrieved December 19, 2013.
  19. ↑ "The Hell Pop Tour II with In This Moment, Seattle WA, Showbox". Clubzone.com. October 4, 2013. Archived from the original on December 19, 2013. Retrieved December 19, 2013.
  20. 1 2 "Nikki Stringfield (The Iron Maidens) - GHS". Ghsstrings.com. Retrieved August 15, 2015.
  21. ↑ "Timeline Photos - Before The Mourning". Facebook. Retrieved August 15, 2015.
  22. ↑ "Continuum by Before The Mourning Ofcl | Free Listening on SoundCloud". Soundcloud.com. September 5, 2014. Retrieved August 15, 2015.
  23. ↑ "Angels and Demons, we give you - Before The Mourning". Facebook. Retrieved August 15, 2015.
  24. ↑ "Cover Photos - Before The Mourning". Facebook. September 17, 2014. Retrieved August 15, 2015.
  25. ↑ "Before The Mourning- Malaki in Olympia, WA - Oct 17, 2014 7:00 PM". Eventful. October 17, 2014. Retrieved August 15, 2015.
  26. ↑ "Before The Mourning- Malaki- Madame Torment- AxeCrack in Portland, OR - Oct 19, 2014 7:00 PM | Eventful". Portland.eventful.com. October 19, 2014. Retrieved August 15, 2015.
  27. ↑ "Before the Mourning, Requiem, Malaki, Limnus, Manisfestiv | DNA Lounge | On the Cheap, All Ages, Metal, Rock, Music, Nightlife | San Francisco News and Events". SF Weekly. May 6, 2015. Retrieved August 15, 2015.
  28. ↑ "Malaki- Before The Mourning in Ventura, CA - Oct 22, 2014 9:00 PM". Eventful. October 22, 2014. Retrieved August 15, 2015.
  29. ↑ "Before The Mourning- KAUSTIK- RattleheaD- ENROT". www.countrylegends971.com. October 27, 2014. Retrieved August 15, 2015.[ permanent dead link ]
  30. 1 2 3 4 Brandon Davis. "Before the Mourning Premiere New Song and Music Video, "Another Sleepless Night" - Hard Rock & Heavy Metal News | Music Videos |Golden Gods Awards". revolvermag.com. Retrieved August 15, 2015.
  31. ↑ "Before the Mourning Unleash Album + Tour With Fear Factory". Loudwire. Retrieved September 24, 2015.
  32. ↑ "Before The Mourning - Another Sleepless Night (OFFICIAL MUSIC VIDEO)". YouTube. February 17, 2015. Retrieved August 15, 2015.
  33. ↑ "Before the Mourning Premiere New Song, "The Deception" - Hard Rock & Heavy Metal News | Music Videos |Golden Gods Awards". Revolvermag.com. Retrieved August 15, 2015.
  34. ↑ "Song Premiere: Before The Mourning "Honestly" @ARTISTdirect". Artistdirect.com. August 17, 2015. Retrieved August 18, 2015.
  35. ↑ Welding, Alan D. "THE BLOODLINE and BEFORE THE MOURNING to support FEAR FACTORY on tour". Pittsburgh Music Magazine. Archived from the original on August 14, 2015. Retrieved August 15, 2015.
  36. ↑ "Fear Factory Plan Headlining Tour With Once Human + More". Loudwire. Retrieved August 6, 2015.
  37. 1 2 "Adam Ryan - It is with a heavy heart that I write this to..." Facebook. Retrieved November 7, 2015.
  38. ↑ "Corrosion". Facebook.com. Retrieved May 18, 2016.
  39. ↑ "Forty Winters". Facebook.com. Retrieved May 18, 2016.
  40. ↑ "Instinct of Aggression". Facebook.com. Retrieved May 18, 2016.
  41. 1 2 "The Killing Hours, MIAMI, FL, Metal, Progressive, Thrash". Indieonthemove.com. March 3, 2011. Retrieved November 7, 2015.
  42. ↑ "A Callous Confession - Facebook". facebook.com. Retrieved August 30, 2016.
  43. ↑ "Valor & Vengeance « Valor & Vengeance". Valorvengeance.com. June 20, 2014. Retrieved January 21, 2017.
  44. ↑ Blabbermouth (May 28, 2019). "ALPHAMEGA Feat. Former BUTCHER BABIES Drummer CHRIS WARNER: 'Lords Of The Flies' Video". BLABBERMOUTH.NET. Retrieved June 1, 2019.
  45. 1 2 "Before The Mourning Release Lyric Video for 'Another Sleepless Night'". All Axess. July 7, 2014. Retrieved August 15, 2015.
  46. ↑ Alice Roques (August 16, 2015). "Album Review: Before The Mourning - Etherial End - Rockrevolt Mag". Rockrevoltmagazine.com. Retrieved August 18, 2015.
  47. ↑ Giles, Anthony (August 14, 2015). "The Pit: Sports & Entertainment Before the Mourning - Album Review - "Etherial End" - The Pit: Sports & Entertainment". Thepit-se.com. Retrieved August 19, 2015.
  48. ↑ Dennis, Damien (April 4, 2013). "Oakland to Horizon: It's not a 'done deal' - The Oakland Post: Sports". Oaklandpostonline.com. Retrieved August 19, 2015.[ permanent dead link ]
  49. ↑ "Etherial End by Before the Mourning". National Rock Review - Rock Music Magazine. August 20, 2015. Retrieved August 20, 2015.
  50. ↑ "27 years ago today, angels decided they... - Before The Mourning". Facebook. April 18, 2012. Retrieved August 15, 2015.
  51. ↑ Chad Childers (February 27, 2015). "Ex-Trivium Drummer Nick Augusto Returns With Corrosion". Loudwire.com. Retrieved August 17, 2015.
  52. ↑ "Nikki Stringfield: Before The Mourning at The Canyon Club 2013 Jack Lue Series". Shreddelicious. January 1, 2014. Retrieved August 15, 2015.
  53. ↑ "The Augments Project - Awaken (Live)". YouTube. May 29, 2015. Retrieved August 15, 2015.
  54. ↑ "The Augments Project: Awaken (Video 2015) - Full Cast & Crew - IMDb". Internet Movie Database. Retrieved August 15, 2015.
  55. ↑ "Johnny Young - It's B4TM week!!! Our music video,..." Facebook. January 21, 2013. Retrieved August 15, 2015.
  56. ↑ "Started Working at The Augments Project". Facebook. Retrieved August 15, 2015.
  57. ↑ "Nikki Stringfield: Before The Mourning - Dismember". Shreddelicious. August 12, 2012. Retrieved August 15, 2015.
  58. ↑ "Good Mourning America!!! 27 years ago... - Before The Mourning". Facebook. Retrieved August 15, 2015.
  59. ↑ "Alright so here's the deal. We've found... - Before The Mourning". Facebook. Retrieved August 15, 2015.
  60. ↑ Burke, Teresa (October 20, 2013). "Unsung Meolody - Connect. Sick Puppies, 10 Years and Charming Liars in Chicago". Unsungmelody.com. Retrieved August 15, 2015.
  61. ↑ "Fall tour dates coming soon! - Before The Mourning". Facebook. August 18, 2014. Retrieved August 15, 2015.
  62. ↑ "Bass Musician Magazine Editorial Staff". Bassmusicianmagazine.com. February 14, 2010. Retrieved November 7, 2015.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.