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The history of Ethiopia in the Middle Ages roughly spans the period from the decline of the Kingdom of Aksum in the 7th century to the Gondarine period beginning in the 17th century. Aksum had been a powerful empire during late antiquity, appearing in the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea and mentioned by Iranian prophet Mani as one of the "four great kingdoms on earth", along with the Sasanian Empire of Persia, the Roman Empire, and China's Three Kingdoms. The kingdom was an integral part of the trade route between Rome and the Indian subcontinent, had substantial cultural ties to the Greco-Roman world, and was a very early adopter of Christianity under Ezana of Aksum in the mid-4th century. The use of "Ethiopia" to refer to the region dates back to the 4th century. At its height, the kingdom spanned what is now Eritrea, northern Ethiopia, eastern Sudan, Yemen and the southern part of what is now Saudi Arabia. However, by the 7th century, the kingdom had begun a slow decline, for which several possible political, economic, and ecological reasons have been proposed. This decline, which has been termed the "Post-Aksumite Period", saw extreme loss of territory and lasted until the ascension of the Zagwe dynasty.
References
- 1 2 "Ancient Axumite Pantheon - Afropedea". www.afropedea.org. Retrieved 2022-11-14.
- 1 2 Munro-Hay, S. C. (1991). Aksum : an African civilisation of late antiquity. Edinburgh University Press. OCLC 555231651.
- ↑ Trimingham, Spencer J. (2013). Islam in Ethiopia. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-299-86698-0. OCLC 858654193.
- ↑ Cartwright, Mark (March 21, 2019). "Kingdom of Axum" (PDF). Ancient History Encyclopedia.
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