Bento Munhoz Hydroelectric Plant

Governor Bento Munhoz da Rocha Netto Dam
Governor Bento Munhoz da Rocha Netto Dam
	Location of Governor Bento Munhoz da Rocha Netto Dam in Brazil
Official name	Governor Bento Munhoz da Rocha Netto Hydroelectric Plant
Location	Foz do Areia, Paraná, Brazil
Coordinates	26°00′34″S51°40′00″W / 26.00944°S 51.66667°W Coordinates: 26°00′34″S51°40′00″W / 26.00944°S 51.66667°W
Construction began	1976
Opening date	1980
Owner(s)	Copel
Dam and spillways
Type of dam	Embankment; concrete face, rock-fill
Impounds	Iguazu River
Height	160 m (520 ft)
Length	828 m (2,717 ft)
Dam volume	14,138,000 m3 (499,300,000 cu ft)
Spillway type	Service, controlled chute
Spillway capacity	11,000 m3/s (390,000 cu ft/s)
Reservoir
Creates	Governor Bento Munhoz da Rocha Netto Reservoir
Total capacity	6,066,000 dam3 (4,918,000 acre⋅ft)
Surface area	167 km2 (64 sq mi)
Power Station
Commission date	1980
Turbines	4 x 310 MW (420,000 hp) Francis turbines
Installed capacity	1,676 MW (2,248,000 hp)
Annual generation	4,002 GWh (14,410 TJ)

Last updated March 14, 2019

The Governor Bento Munhoz da Rocha Netto Hydroelectric Plant, formerly known as Foz do Areia, is dam and hydroelectric power plant on the Iguazu River near Foz do Areia in Paraná, Brazil. It is the furthest dam upstream of the Iguazu Falls and was constructed between 1976 and 1980.^[1]^[2] The power station has a 1,676 megawatts (2,248,000 hp) capacity and is supplied with water by a concrete face rock-fill embankment dam.

A dam is a barrier that stops or restricts the flow of water or underground streams. Reservoirs created by dams not only suppress floods but also provide water for activities such as irrigation, human consumption, industrial use, aquaculture, and navigability. Hydropower is often used in conjunction with dams to generate electricity. A dam can also be used to collect water or for storage of water which can be evenly distributed between locations. Dams generally serve the primary purpose of retaining water, while other structures such as floodgates or levees are used to manage or prevent water flow into specific land regions. The earliest known dam is the Jawa Dam in Jordan, dating to 3,000 BC.

The Iguazu River is a river in Brazil and Argentina. It is an important tributary of the Paraná River. The Iguazu River is 1,320 kilometres (820 mi) long, with a drainage basin of 62,000 square kilometres (24,000 sq mi).

Paraná is one of the 26 states of Brazil, in the south of the country, bordered on the north by São Paulo state, on the east by the Atlantic Ocean, on the south by Santa Catarina state and the province of Misiones, Argentina, and on the west by Mato Grosso do Sul and Paraguay, with the Paraná River as its western boundary line.

Copel - Companhia Paranaense de Energia, the largest company of the State of Paraná, was founded on October 26, 1954 with ownership control held by the State of Paraná. The Company went public in April 1994 B3 and, in 1997, it was the first company of the Brazilian electricity sector to be listed at the New York Stock Exchange. As from June 2002, the brand is also present at the European Economic Community, having been listed at Latibex - the Latin American index of companies of the Madrid Stock Exchange. As of May 7, 2008, Copel's shares were ranked at Level 1 of São Paulo Stock Exchange (Bovespa)'s Corporate Governance.

History

In May 1973, Copel was awarded the concession contract to construct the dam and by May 1974, various studies had recommended a site near the confluence of the Inguazu and Da Areia Rivers. By August of that year, a design was chosen and in October 1976 after contracts were awarded, construction began. The river was diverted with two 12 metres (39 ft) diameter and 600-metre (2,000 ft) long diversion tunnels. To facilitate the river's diversion, two cofferdams were constructed, one upstream and one downstream of the site. The upstream cofferdam was 45 metres (148 ft) high and allowed the diversion of up to 7,700 cubic metres per second (270,000 cu ft/s) of water. The dam began to impound the reservoir in 1980 and by October it was filled and complete.^[4]

The Da Areia River is a river of Paraná state in southern Brazil.

A cofferdam is an enclosure built within, or in pairs across, a body of water to allow the enclosed area to be pumped out. This pumping creates a dry work environment for the work to be carried out. Enclosed coffers are commonly used for construction or repair of permanent dams, oil platforms, bridge piers, et cetera, built within or over water.

At the time of completion, the dam was the tallest and largest concrete face rock-fill dam in the world. It was also the first of its type to have a reservoir of its size. The techniques to construction the dam were instrumental and an advancement as 50,000 cubic metres (1,800,000 cu ft) of fill was placed each month for two years in a row. The stability and integrity of such a large dam with a large reservoir helped bring confidence to its specific design.^[5]

Dam

The Bento Munhoz da Rocha Netto Dam is a 828-metre (2,717 ft) long and 160-metre (520 ft) high concrete face rock-fill type. The dam contains a total 14,138,000 cubic metres (499,300,000 cu ft) of material which includes 14,000,000 cubic metres (490,000,000 cu ft) of rock-fill and 138,000 cubic metres (4,900,000 cu ft) of concrete. The dam's spillway is controlled by four 14.5-metre (48 ft) wide and 19.5-metre (64 ft) high tainter gates. It has a 11,000 cubic metres per second (390,000 cu ft/s) capacity and is 400 metres (1,300 ft) long and 70.6 metres (232 ft) wide. Water is brought towards the power station intake through a channel which is 450 metres (1,480 ft) long and 90 metres (300 ft) wide. The actual power intake structure is 70 metres (230 ft) high, 108 metres (354 ft) wide and allows for a maximum reservoir level depletion of 47 metres (154 ft). Six wheel-type gates facilitate bring water into the power station. An additional gate exists for maintenance purposes.^[4]

A spillway is a structure used to provide the controlled release of flows from a dam or levee into a downstream area, typically the riverbed of the dammed river itself. In the United Kingdom, they may be known as overflow channels. Spillways ensure that the water does not overflow and damage or destroy the dam.

The Tainter gate is a type of radial arm floodgate used in dams and canal locks to control water flow. It is named for Wisconsin structural engineer Jeremiah Burnham Tainter.

Power station

From the intake, six 220-metre (720 ft) long penstocks deliver water to the generators as their diameter reduces from 7.4 to 7 metres (24 to 23 ft). The power station contains four 419 megawatts (562,000 hp) generators for a total installed capacity of 1,476 megawatts (1,979,000 hp). Space for an additional two generators exist and if installed would bring the plant's total installed capacity to 2,511 megawatts (3,367,000 hp).^[4]

A penstock is a sluice or gate or intake structure that controls water flow, or an enclosed pipe that delivers water to hydro turbines and sewerage systems. The term is inherited from the earlier technology of mill ponds and watermills.

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The Koombooloomba Dam is a concrete gravity dam with a controlled spillway across the Tully River, located west of Tully and south, southeast of Ravenshoe in Far North Queensland, Australia. Built for the purpose of hydroelectric power generation, the dam creates the reservoir, Lake Koombooloomba.

The Splityard Creek Dam is a rock and earth-fill embankment dam with an un-gated spillway across the Pryde Creek that is located in the South East region of Queensland, Australia. The sole purpose of the dam are for the generation of hydroelectricity. The impounded reservoir is called the Splityard Creek Reservoir.

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References

↑ "Paraná River Basin Study Area - Figure 1". The Scientific Electronic Library Online. Retrieved 11 September 2010.
↑ Valente, Marcela (March 30, 2009). "Planned Dam Above Famous Falls Draws Fire". IPS. Archived from the original on 10 June 2011. Retrieved 11 September 2010.
↑ "History in details". Copel . Retrieved 11 September 2010.
1 2 3 "FOZ DO AREIA DAM" (PDF). Copel. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 July 2011. Retrieved 11 September 2010.
↑ "Foz do Areia Dam in Brazil". Chinese National Committee on Large Dams. Retrieved 20 September 2010.

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[1] "Paraná River Basin Study Area - Figure 1". The Scientific Electronic Library Online. Retrieved 11 September 2010.

[2] Valente, Marcela (March 30, 2009). "Planned Dam Above Famous Falls Draws Fire". IPS. Archived from the original on 10 June 2011. Retrieved 11 September 2010.

[cophis-3] "History in details". Copel . Retrieved 11 September 2010.

[fozp-4] 1 2 3 "FOZ DO AREIA DAM" (PDF). Copel. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 July 2011. Retrieved 11 September 2010.

[5] "Foz do Areia Dam in Brazil". Chinese National Committee on Large Dams. Retrieved 20 September 2010.

Bento Munhoz Hydroelectric Plant

Contents

History

Dam

Power station

See also

Related Research Articles

References