Related Research Articles
The Berber languages, also known as the Amazigh languages or Tamazight, are a branch of the Afroasiatic language family. They comprise a group of closely related but mostly mutually unintelligible languages spoken by Berber communities, who are indigenous to North Africa. The languages are primarily spoken and not typically written. Historically, they have been written with the ancient Libyco-Berber script, which now exists in the form of Tifinagh. Today, they may also be written in the Berber Latin alphabet or the Arabic script, with Latin being the most pervasive.
North Africa is a region encompassing the northern portion of the African continent. There is no singularly accepted scope for the region, and it is sometimes defined as stretching from the Atlantic shores of the Western Sahara in the west, to Egypt and Sudan's Red Sea coast in the east.
Tifinagh is a script used to write the Berber languages. Tifinagh is descended from the ancient Libyco-Berber alphabet. The traditional Tifinagh, sometimes called Tuareg Tifinagh, is still favored by the Tuareg Berbers of the Sahara desert in southern Algeria, northeastern Mali, northern Niger, and northern Burkina Faso for writing the Tuareg Berber language. Neo-Tifinagh is an alphabet developed by Berber Academy to adopt Tuareg Tifinagh for use with Kabyle; it has been since modified for use across North Africa.
Berbers or the Berber peoples, also called by their contemporary self-name Amazigh or Imazighen, are a diverse grouping of distinct ethnic groups indigenous to North Africa who predate the arrival of Arabs in the Arab migrations to the Maghreb. Their main connections are identified by their usage of Berber languages, most of them mutually unintelligible, which are part of the Afroasiatic language family. They are indigenous to the Maghreb region of North Africa, where they live in scattered communities across parts of Morocco, Algeria, Libya, and to a lesser extent Tunisia, Mauritania, northern Mali and northern Niger. Smaller Berber communities are also found in Burkina Faso and Egypt's Siwa Oasis.
The Maghreb, also known as the Arab Maghreb and Northwest Africa, is the western part of the Arab world. The region comprises western and central North Africa, including Algeria, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, and Tunisia. The Maghreb also includes the disputed territory of Western Sahara. As of 2018, the region had a population of over 100 million people.
Berberism is a Berber political-cultural movement of ethnic nationalism, started mainly in Kabylia (Algeria) and in Morocco later spreading to the rest of the Berber communities in the Maghreb region of North Africa. The Berberist movement in Algeria and Morocco is in opposition to cultural Arabization, the pan-Arabist political ideology and Islamism.
The Honorary Title was an American alternative indie rock band from Brooklyn, New York, United States. The band released their first self-titled EP "The Honorary Title" in 2003 and then their first album in 2004, Anything Else but the Truth, which was later re-released with five additional songs and two bonus videos. In early 2007 the EP, "Untouched and Intact" arrived introducing four songs, three of which were re-released in the group's latest album, Scream & Light Up the Sky, which was released on August 28, 2007.
The Berber Spring was a period of political protest and civil activism in 1980, claiming recognition of the Berber identity and language in Algeria, with events mainly taking place in Kabylia and Algiers.
Berber Jews are the Jewish communities of the Maghreb, in North Africa, who historically spoke Berber languages. Between 1950 and 1970 most emigrated to France, the United States, or Israel.
Petra Kamstra is a former professional tennis player from the Netherlands, who won one WTA-title in doubles during her career. She reached her individual career-high singles ranking on 2 October 1995, when Kamstra became the number 70 of the world. Twice she was named the Rotterdam Sportswoman of the Year.
Berber Americans, American Berbers or Amazigh Americans, are Americans of Berber descent. Although a part of the population of the Maghreb is of Berber descent, only 1,327 people declared Berber ancestry in the 2000 US census. People of Berber origin in United States have created several associations with goal of maintaining and strengthening their language and culture, such as the Amazigh Cultural Association in America (ACAA), The United Amazigh Algerian (UAAA), The Amazigh American Association of Washington, D.C., and the Boston Amazigh Community.
Brian Kamstra is a retired Dutch professional cyclist, who raced for UCI ProTeam Team Novo Nordisk. He currently lives in Verona, Italy and is an ambassador for Castelli (brand) and Julbo eyewear.
Kamstra is a Dutch surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Joop Kamstra was a Dutch athlete. He competed in the men's high jump at the 1928 Summer Olympics.
The 1995 Wismilak Open, also known as the Surabaya Women's Open, was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the Embong Sawo Sports Club in Surabaya, Indonesia that was part of Tier IV of the 1995 WTA Tour. It was the second edition of the tournament and was held from 2 October until 8 October 1995. Second-seeded Shi-Ting Wang won the singles title.
Players and pairs who neither have high enough rankings nor receive wild cards may participate in a qualifying tournament held one week before the annual Wimbledon Tennis Championships.
Players and pairs who neither have high enough rankings nor receive wild cards may participate in a qualifying tournament held one week before the annual Wimbledon Tennis Championships.
This article displays the qualifying draw for women's singles at the 1991 Australian Open.
Events in the year 1993 in the Netherlands.
Yayuk Basuki and Romana Tedjakusuma were the defending champions, but none competed this year.
References
- ↑ "Berber Kamstra Biography". Sports Reference. Archived from the original on 18 April 2020. Retrieved 25 July 2016.
| Men's competition |  | |
|---|---|---|
| Women's competition | ||
  | This biographical article related to a Dutch swimmer is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |