Bhagamati (Hyder Mahal), also known as Bhagyawati, [1] was a queen of Sultan Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah, in whose honour Hyderabad was supposedly named. [2] The historicity of her existence is debated among scholars. [3] [4]
Bhagmati was born in 'Chichlam' (a location yet to be identified with certainty) to a Hindu family; she was a local nautch-girl. [3] Qutb Shah met her whilst out for a ride, fell so deeply in love that he constructed the Purana Pul bridge to ensure he could meet with her regularly, and entered into a marriage. [3] [5] He founded a city at her birth-place and named it Bhaganagar or Bhāgyanagar in her honor. [4] After she converted to Islam and adopted the title Hyder Mahal, the city was renamed Hyderabad. [5]
That Purana pul was completed in 1578 after 2 years of construction; Qutb Shah (b:1566) was romancing Bhagmati as young as ten years. [3] Furthermore, no tomb was built over her last remains unlike other leading female figures of the court; no inscription or coin of that period mentions her name. [3] [4] The chroniclers who mentioned of her were either from North of the Sultanate, who did not visit Hyderabad or foreigners, who arrived long after her death; contemporary Deccani sources including Qutb Shah himself don't mention of her at all. [4] [5] The conferral of 'Hyder', an immensely sacred Islamic attribute on a nautch-girl has been doubted as well. [3] [5] All these cast significant doubts on the authenticity of Bhagmati's existence. [4]
Some however assert that the historicity of multiple sources can't be rejected as hearsay due to their foreign nature, sources exist in that the State Museum in Public Gardens has a portrait of her commissioned around 1750, and that her conspicuous absence from Deccani sources were a result of damnatio memoriae. [4] [5] Others believe Bhagnagar (which was indeed named after her) was a separate village which has nothing to do with today's Hyderabad. [4]