The Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS) is the highest court in the federal judiciary of the United States. It has ultimate appellate jurisdiction over all federal court cases,and over state court cases that involve a point of U.S. Constitutional or federal law. It also has original jurisdiction over a narrow range of cases,specifically "all Cases affecting Ambassadors,other public Ministers and Consuls,and those in which a State shall be Party." The court holds the power of judicial review,the ability to invalidate a statute for violating a provision of the Constitution. It is also able to strike down presidential directives for violating either the Constitution or statutory law. However,it may act only within the context of a case in an area of law over which it has jurisdiction. The court may decide cases having political overtones,but has ruled that it does not have power to decide non-justiciable political questions.
The Supreme Court of Canada is the highest court in the judicial system of Canada. It comprises nine justices,whose decisions are the ultimate application of Canadian law,and grants permission to between 40 and 75 litigants each year to appeal decisions rendered by provincial,territorial and federal appellate courts. The Supreme Court is bijural,hearing cases from two major legal traditions and bilingual,hearing cases in both official languages of Canada.
The Supreme Court of India is the supreme judicial authority and the highest court of the Republic of India. It is the final court of appeal for all civil and criminal cases in India. It also has the power of judicial review. The Supreme Court,which consists of the Chief Justice of India and a maximum of fellow 33 judges,has extensive powers in the form of original,appellate and advisory jurisdictions.
Beverley Marian McLachlin is a Canadian jurist and author who served as the 17th chief justice of Canada from 2000 to 2017. She is the longest-serving chief justice in Canadian history and the first woman to hold the position.
The Government of India,also known as the Union Government or Central Government but often simply as the Centre,is the national authority of the Republic of India,a federal democracy located in South Asia,consisting of 28 union states and eight union territories. Under the Constitution,there are three primary branches of government:the legislative,the executive and the judiciary,whose powers are vested in a bicameral Parliament,President,aided by the Council of Ministers,and the Supreme Court respectively. Through judicial evolution,the Parliament has lost its sovereignty as its amendments to the Constitution are subject to judicial intervention. Judicial appointments in India are unique in that the executive or legislature have negligible say.
The Chief Justice of India is the chief judge of the Supreme Court of India as well as the highest-ranking officer of the Indian Judiciary. The Constitution of India grants power to the president of India to appoint,as dictated by outgoing chief justice in consultation with judicial cabal of 21 Supreme Court judges,the next Chief Justice,who will serve until they reach the age of sixty-five or are removed by the constitutional process of impeachment.
The Supreme Court of Pakistan is the apex court in the judicial hierarchy of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan.
The Iowa Supreme Court is the highest court in the U.S. state of Iowa. The Court is composed of a chief justice and six associate justices.
The chief justice is Fiji's highest judicial officer. The office and its responsibilities are set out in Chapter 5 of the 2013 Constitution of Fiji. The Chief Justice is appointed by the President on the advice of the Prime Minister.
John Glover Roberts Jr. is an American lawyer and jurist who has served as the 17th chief justice of the United States since 2005. He has been described as having a moderate conservative judicial philosophy though is primarily an institutionalist. He has shown a willingness to work with the Supreme Court's liberal bloc,and has been regarded as a swing vote on the Court.
The Supreme Court of Sri Lanka is the highest court in Sri Lanka and the final judicial instance of record. Established in 1801 and empowered to exercise its powers subject to the provisions of the Constitution of Sri Lanka,the Supreme Court has ultimate appellate jurisdiction in constitutional matters and takes precedence over all lower courts. The Sri Lankan judicial system is a complex blend of common law and civil law. In some cases,such as those involving capital punishment,the decision may be passed on to the President of Sri Lanka for clemency petitions. The current Chief Justice of Sri Lanka is Jayantha Jayasuriya.
Susan Mary Kiefel is the chief justice of Australia,in office since 30 January 2017. She has served on the High Court since 2007,having previously been a judge of the Supreme Court of Queensland and the Federal Court. Kiefel is the first woman to serve as Chief Justice.
Patrick Anthony Keane was appointed the 11th non-permanent international judge of the Hong Kong Court of Final Appeal on 15 March 2023,after his retirement as a Justice of the High Court of Australia. He is currently the Chair of the Expert Advisory Group set up by the Australian Government to guide reforms to the Administrative Appeals Tribunal. He is a former Chief Justice of the Federal Court of Australia.
Upatissa Atapattu Bandaranayake Wasala Mudiyanse Ralahamilage Shirani Anshumala Bandaranayake,known as Shirani Bandaranayake,served as the 43rd Chief Justice of Sri Lanka. Although a qualified lawyer,she has never practiced law. After university Bandaranayake entered academia,holding a number of senior positions at the University of Colombo,including associate professor of law and the dean of the Faculty of Law at the University of Colombo. She was first appointed to the Supreme Court of Sri Lanka in 1996,becoming Sri Lanka's first female Supreme Court Judge. Bandaranayake was appointed chief justice in May 2011 following the mandatory retirement of Asoka de Silva. Bandaranayake was controversially impeached by Parliament and then removed from office by President Mahinda Rajapaksa in January 2013. and on 28 January 2015 the government of Sri Lanka,had removed all obstacles for Bandaranayake to hold her position as the 43rd Chief Justice by the President Maithripala Sirisena,on the ground that her 2013 impeachment was unlawful and as such the appointment of Mohan Peiris,her successor,was void Ab initio. This paved the way for Bandaranayake to resume duties on 28 January 2015. She retired from the position just after one day of her reappointment on 29 January 2015 claiming support for a free and fair Judiciary in Sri Lanka.
The Supreme Court of Sierra Leone is the highest court in Sierra Leone. It has final jurisdiction in all civil,criminal,and constitutional cases within Sierra Leone,and its decisions cannot be appealed. The Supreme Court has the exclusive constitutional power to overturn ruling of lower courts within the jurisdiction of Sierra Leone. The Supreme Court,along with the Court of Appeals,High Court of Justice,and magistrate courts form the Judicial branch of the Government of Sierra Leone.
Ranjan Gogoi is an Indian former advocate and former judge who served as the 46th Chief Justice of India from 2018 to 2019,having previously served as a Judge of the Supreme Court of India from 2012 to 2018. He is serving as a Member of the Rajya Sabha,having been nominated by President Ram Nath Kovind on 16 March 2020. Gogoi served as a judge on Gauhati High Court from 2001 to 2010,and then was transferred as a judge to Punjab and Haryana High Court from 2010 to 2011 where he later became chief justice from 2011 to 2012. He is also serving as a member of the Committee on External Affairs in the Rajya Sabha.
Timothy Francis Carmody is an Australian judge who was the Chief Justice of Queensland between 8 July 2014 and 1 July 2015. His previous roles include work as a police officer,barrister,Queensland Crime Commissioner,Family Court of Australia judge,and Chief Magistrate of the Magistrates Court of Queensland. He also presided over the 2013 Child Protection Commission of Inquiry.
The Honourable or The Honorable is an honorific style that is used as a prefix before the names or titles of certain people,usually with official governmental or diplomatic positions.
Qinisile Mabuza is a Liswati judge,and was the first female judge appointed in Eswatini. She was also the first female attorney when she was appointed in 1978.
