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Rugby union, widely known simply as rugby, is a full contact team sport that originated in England in the first half of the 19th century. One of the two codes of rugby football, it is based on running with the ball in hand. In its most common form, a game is played between two teams of 15 players using an oval-shaped ball on a rectangular field called a pitch. The field has H-shaped goalposts at both ends.
Rugby league, often called simply as league is a full-contact sport played by two teams of thirteen players on a rectangular field measuring 68 m wide and 112–122 m long. One of the two codes of rugby football, it originated in Northern England in 1895 as a split from the Rugby Football Union over the issue of payments to the players. Its rules progressively changed with the aim of producing a faster, more entertaining game for spectators.
A scrum is a method of restarting play in rugby football that involves players packing closely together with their heads down and attempting to gain possession of the ball. Depending on whether it is in rugby union or rugby league, the scrum is utilized either after an accidental infringement or when the ball has gone out of play. Scrums occur more often, and are now of greater importance, in union than in league. Starting play from the line of scrimmage in gridiron football is derived from the scrum.
In the game of rugby union, there are 15 players on each team, comprising eight forwards and seven backs. In addition, there may be up to eight replacement players "on the bench", numbered 16–23. Players are not restricted to a single position, although they generally specialise in just one or two that suit their skills and body types. Players that play multiple positions are called "utility players".
The team sports rugby league and rugby union have shared origins and thus many similarities.
Michael Joseph Dore was an Australian representative rugby union and rugby league footballer - a dual-code international. He was one of the founding fathers of rugby league in Queensland. Along with Dally Messenger, Denis Lutge, Doug McLean snr and John Rosewell he was one of the inaugural five Australian dual code rugby internationals who having earlier represented at rugby union, debuted in international rugby league in Sydney on 9 May 1908 in the first ever Australian league Test against New Zealand.
Stephen Oliver "Steve" Knight is an Australian former rugby union and professional rugby league footballer - a dual code international. He played as a winger or centre.
Arthur John Michael "Mackker" McCabe was an Australian rugby union and pioneer professional rugby league footballer.
Thomas Sydney Griffen was an Australian rugby union player who competed in the 1908 Summer Olympics.
Francis Bede Smith, known as "Frank" or "Bede", was an Australian rugby union player who competed in the 1908 Summer Olympics. Smith, a centre, was born in Wellington, New South Wales and claimed a total of 4 international rugby caps for Australia. His debut game was against New Zealand, at Dunedin, on 2 September 1905.
John Garven "Jock" Blackwood was a rugby union player who represented Australia.
Francis Wallace Meagher was a rugby union player who represented Australia.
John H. Hill was a rugby union player who represented Australia.
Walter Alfred Rigney was a rugby union player who represented Australia.
John Wylie P. Breckenridge was a rugby union player who represented Australia.
Robert E. "Bob" Westfield was a New Zealand-born rugby union player who represented Australia.
Trevor Robert Stegman was a rugby union player who represented Australia.
Jonathan Parker Laidley White is an Australian former national representative rugby union player who made twenty-four Test appearances for his country between 1958 and 1965. He is regarded as one of Australia's finest rugby football players of the 20th century.
Tate McDermott is an Australian rugby union player who plays for the Australian national rugby union team internationally and the Reds in the Super Rugby competition. His position of choice is scrum-half.
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