ʿAlī ibn ʿĪsā al-Asṭurlābī was a 9th century Arab geographer and astronomer. He wrote a treatise on the astrolabe and was an opponent of astrology. During the reign of al-Ma'mun, and together with Khālid ibn ʿAbd al‐Malik al‐Marwarrūdhī, he participated in an expedition to the Plain of Sinjar to measure the length of a degree. Differing reports state that they obtained a result of 56 miles (90 km), 56 and two-thirds, or 56 and one-quarter miles per degree.
John Louis Emil Dreyer was a Danish astronomer who spent most of his career working in Ireland. He spent the last decade of his life in Oxford, England.
Ellen Dorrit Hoffleit was an American senior research astronomer at Yale University. She is best known for her work in variable stars, astrometry, spectroscopy, meteors, and the Bright Star Catalog. She is also known for her mentorship of many young women and generations of astronomers.
Francesco Fontana was an Italian lawyer and an astronomer.
Agnes Mary Clerke was an Irish astronomer and writer, mainly in the field of astronomy. She was born in Skibbereen, County Cork, Ireland, and died in London.
Paṇḍita Jagannātha Samrāṭ (1652–1744) was an Indian astronomer and mathematician who served in the court of Jai Singh II of Amber, and was also his guru.
Lewis Boss was an American astronomer. He served as the director of the Dudley Observatory in Schenectady, New York.
The Reverend Thomas Henry Espinell Compton Espin or T. H. E. C. Espin was a British astronomer. His father Thomas Espin was Chancellor of the Diocese of Chester and his mother was Elizabeth.
Abul-Hasan Kūshyār ibn Labbān ibn Bashahri Daylami (971–1029), also known as Kūshyār Daylami, was an Iranian mathematician, geographer, and astronomer from Daylam, south of the Caspian Sea, Iran.
Johannes Franz Hartmann was a German physicist and astronomer. In 1904, while studying the spectroscopy of Delta Orionis he noticed that most of the spectrum had a shift, except the calcium lines, which he interpreted as indicating the presence of interstellar medium.
Ladislaus Weinek was an Austro-Hungarian astronomer.
Yativṛṣabha (Yativrishabha), also known as Jadivasaha, was a mathematician and Jain monk. He is believed to have lived during the 6th century, probably during 500–570. He studied under Arya Manksu and Nagahastin. He lived and worked between the periods of two great Indian mathematicians, Aryabhata and Brahmagupta (598-668).
Benjamin Boss was an American astronomer. He served as the director of both the Dudley Observatory in Schenectady, New York and the Department of Meridian Astrometry of the Carnegie Institution of Washington.
Jean Claude Barthélemy Dufay was a French astronomer.
Abd Ali ibn Muhammad ibn Husayn Birjandi was a prominent 16th-century Persian astronomer, mathematician and physicist who lived in Birjand.
Lidiya Petrovna Tseraskaya née Shelekhova was a Russian astronomer.
Alla Genrikhovna Masevich was a Soviet astronomer. She graduated from Moscow State Pedagogical University. She served as deputy chairman of the Astronomical Council of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR in 1952, and worked closely with Victor Ambartsumian. She became a professor of space geodesy at the Moscow Institute of Geodesy and Cartography in 1972.
Mary Teresa Brück was an Irish astronomer, astrophysicist and historian of science, whose career was spent at Dunsink Observatory in Dublin and the Royal Observatory Edinburgh in Scotland.
John Charles Duncan was an American astronomer.
Giuseppe Calandrelli was an Italian priest, astronomer and mathematician. He founded the first astronomical observatory in the Collegio Romano in 1787. An uncle of the astronomer Ignazio Calandrelli, he was among the first to observe the parallax of stars, estimate the masses of comets, the potential size of their atmosphere, and to examine the use of barometers to mathematically estimate altitudes.
