| Biri River | |
|---|---|
  | |
| Location | |
| Country | South Sudan |
| State | Western Bahr el Ghazal |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Source | |
| • coordinates | 7°12′54″N25°59′33″E / 7.2150°N 25.9925°E |
| Mouth | Kuru River |
• coordinates | 7°57′47″N26°25′19″E / 7.9631°N 26.4219°E |
The Biri River is a river of South Sudan. It is a left tributary of the Kuru River, a headwater of the Lol River.
The Biri River rises in the south of the Western Bahr el Ghazal near the border with Haut-Mbomou in the Central African Republic. It flows in a north-northeast direction past Deim Zubeir (which lies to the east), then northeast to the border with Northern Bahr el Ghazal, where it joins the Chel or Kuru River from the left. [1]
The first European to visit the river appears to have been Dr. Georg August Schweinfurth, who spent three years exploring the Bahr-el-Ghazal region before returning to Europe in the fall of 1871. He did not take any astronomical observation, so did not record latitude or longitude, but did keep an excellent dead reckoning of distances and direction. His map of the courses of rivers such as the Biri and Kuru are very accurate. [2]
Frank Lupton in his 1884 Geographical Observations in The Bahr-el-Ghazal Region showed the Biri river flowing northeast past Deim Zubeir, but then (incorrectly) shows it being joined by the Sabu (Sopo) River before flowing into the Boru (Boro) River before the Kuru River joined the Boru. [3] In June 1894 a Belgian force under Xavier-Ernest Donckier de Donceel entered the region from the southwest. It crossed the Biri, Sopo and Cohoca (?) rivers and arrived at Liffi south of the Raja River on 25 June 1894. [4]
Western Bahr el Ghazal is a state in South Sudan. It has an area of 93,900 km2 (36,255 sq mi) and is the least populous state in South Sudan, according to the controversial Sudanese census conducted in 2008. It is part of the Bahr el Ghazal region. Its capital is Wau. The state shared international borders with Sudan to the north and the Central African Republic to the west. The portion now occupied by Raga County is the southern part of the historical region known as "Dar Fertit".
Dukpu is an ethnic group of the Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, and Sudan. They speak Central Banda, a Ubangian language. The number of persons in this group exceeds 100,000.
Dār Fertit is a historical term for the lowlands south of Darfur and east of the highlands in the east of the modern-day Central African Republic that contain tributaries of the White Nile River. This region included parts of southwestern Sudan and northwestern South Sudan. In the present era, Fertit is a catch-all word for non-Dinka, non-Arab, non-Luo, non-Fur groups and tribes in Western Bahr el Ghazal, South Sudan. Even though these groups often speak different languages and have a history of inter-tribal violence, they have become more unified over time, mostly out of opposition to the Dinka people.
Deim Zubeir, from the Arabic ديم الزبير ["Daim az-Zubayr"], commonly translated as the "Camp of Zubeir", is the historically established but highly controversial name of Uyujuku town in the Western Bahr el Ghazal of the Republic of South Sudan, located in the Western Bahr El Ghazal part of the country, some 70 km from the border with the Central African Republic (CAR), near the Biri tributary of the River Chel.
The Bahr el Ghazal is a river in South Sudan. The South Sudanese region of Bahr el Ghazal takes its name from the river.
The Bongo are a Central Sudanic speaking ethnic group, living at the eastern side of the Albert Nile River in northwestern Uganda and in neighbouring South Sudan in small, scattered settlements south and east of Wau. They speak the Bongo language, one of the Bongo-Baka languages. In the early 1990s, their number was estimated at 200.000 people, with 40% Muslims. Unlike the Dinka and other Nilotic ethnic groups, the Bongo are not a cattle herding people and do not use cows for bride price. Subsistence farming and hunting is the primary source of food, though money is obtained by working in forestry, building, selling honey, and other various means. Before imported metalwork became available, they were known for their traditional production of iron tools.
The Sere are an ethnic group numbering over 10,000 living in the South Sudanese state of Western Bahr el Ghazal. Their old home was a place called Ndedegumbva or Ndedekumbva, said to be recorded on the maps of old explorers.
The Kuru River, or Chel River is a stream in the South Sudanese states of Western Bahr el Ghazal and Northern Bahr el Ghazal. It is a headwater of the Lol River.
The Pongo River is a stream in the South Sudanese state of Northern Bahr el Ghazal. It is a right tributary of the Lol River.
The Sopo River is a river in South Sudan's state of Western Bahr el Ghazal.
The Lol State was a state of South Sudan with the capital in Raga, that existed between 2 October 2015 and 22 February 2020. It was located in the Bahr el Ghazal region, which is in the northwest section of the country. Lol state bordered Haut-Mbomou and Haute-Kotto in the Central African Republic to the west, South Darfur and East Darfur in Sudan to the north, the disputed region of Kafia Kingi to the northwest, Aweil East State to the northeast, Aweil State to the east, Gbudwe State to the south, and Wau State to the southeast. The state was created alongside 27 other states after a decree issuing the creation of 28 states took place. It was dissolved at the conclusion of the South Sudanese Civil War.
The Greeks in South Sudan represent the Omogenia in what became the Republic of South Sudan in 2011. The population is tiny in number – estimated at around 90 – but historically played an important role and has some prominent members, especially First Lady Mary Ayen Mayardit.
The Barambu are an ethnic group who live in the northeast of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Frank Thomas Miller Lupton, or Lupton Bey, was a British sailor who served as an administrator in the Egyptian Sudan. He was governor of Bahr el Ghazal province in 1881 at the start of the Mahdist War. Cut off from supplies and reinforcements, he had to surrender the province in 1884. After an initial period of freedom he was enchained for ten months. He was freed but struggled to make a living, his health deteriorated and he died in poverty. He had married a local woman who survived him, as did their two daughters.
Liffi was a military station in Sudan, named after a nearby hill, and the surrounding region. It was the location of several clashes between Egyptian forces and Mahdists in the early 1880s. In 1894 the Belgians temporarily established a base there.
The Boro River is a river of South Sudan, a headwater of the Magadhik River, which in turn is a headwater of the Lol River.
The Magadhik River is a river of South Sudan, a left tributary of the Lol River.
Awoda is a village in Northern Bahr el Ghazal, South Sudan.
Sultan Djabir was ruler of a region on the Uele River in what is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo. He engaged in the ivory and slave trade with Muslims from the north and with Belgians from the south. Eventually he was forced to flee to the Sudan when he refused to pay tribute to the Congo Free State.
