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Azad Jammu and Kashmir,abbreviated as AJK and colloquially referred to as simply Azad Kashmir,is a region administered by Pakistan as a nominally self-governing entity and constituting the western portion of the larger Kashmir region,which has been the subject of a dispute between India and Pakistan since 1947. Azad Kashmir also shares borders with the Pakistani provinces of Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa to the south and west,respectively. On its eastern side,Azad Kashmir is separated from the Indian union territory of Jammu and Kashmir by the Line of Control (LoC),which serves as the de facto border between the Indian- and Pakistani-controlled parts of Kashmir. Geographically,it covers a total area of 13,297 km2 (5,134 sq mi) and has a total population of 4,045,366 as per the 2017 national census.
Kashmir is the northernmost geographical region of the Indian subcontinent. Until the mid-19th century,the term "Kashmir" denoted only the Kashmir Valley between the Great Himalayas and the Pir Panjal Range. Today,the term encompasses a larger area that includes the India-administered territories of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh,the Pakistan-administered territories of Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan,and the Chinese-administered territories of Aksai Chin and the Trans-Karakoram Tract.
Jammu and Kashmir was a region formerly administered by India as a state from 1952 to 2019,constituting the southern and southeastern portion of the larger Kashmir region,which has been the subject of a dispute between India,Pakistan and China since the mid-20th century. The underlying region of this state were parts of the former princely state of Jammu and Kashmir,whose western districts,now known as Azad Kashmir,and northern territories,now known as Gilgit-Baltistan,are administered by Pakistan. The Aksai Chin region in the east,bordering Tibet,has been under Chinese control since 1962.
Since the Partition of British India in 1947 and subsequent creation of the dominions of India and Pakistan,the two countries have been involved in a number of wars,conflicts,and military standoffs. A long-running dispute over Kashmir and cross-border terrorism have been the predominant cause of conflict between the two states,with the exception of the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971,which occurred as a direct result of hostilities stemming from the Bangladesh Liberation War in erstwhile East Pakistan.
Syed Ali Shah Geelani (1929–2021) was an Islamist,pro-Pakistani,former,
"Kashmir" is a song by the English rock band Led Zeppelin. Included on their sixth album Physical Graffiti (1975),it was written by Jimmy Page and Robert Plant with contributions from John Bonham over a period of three years with lyrics dating to 1973.
The insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir,also known as the Kashmir insurgency, is an ongoing separatist militant insurgency against the Indian administration in Jammu and Kashmir,a territory constituting the southwestern portion of the larger geographical region of Kashmir,which has been the subject of a territorial dispute between India and Pakistan since 1947.
The Jammu &Kashmir National Panthers Party is a socialist and secular state political party in the state of Jammu and Kashmir,India. The party was founded on 23 March 1982 by husband and wife couple Prof. Bhim Singh and Jay Mala,Its aim is to "demolish corruption,communalism,criminalization,drug menace" and to establish a real democracy through ultimate revolution. Panthers party has maintained power at assembly and local level for over four decades in its stronghold within the mountainous Udhampur constituency,where 5.9 million tonnes of lithium,the 7th largest known reserve in the world,with an estimated value of $500 billion,was discovered in February 2023.
The High Court of Jammu &Kashmir and Ladakh is the common high court for union territories of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh. It was established as the High Court of Jammu and Kashmir on 26 March 1928 by the Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir. The seat of the court shifts between the summer capital Srinagar and winter capital Jammu. The court has a sanctioned judge strength of 17,13 of whom are permanent judges,and 4 are additional judges. Since 13 February,2023,the chief justice of the court is Hon'ble Shri Justice N. Kotiswar Singh.
The Kashmir conflict is a territorial conflict over the Kashmir region,primarily between India and Pakistan,and also between China and India in the northeastern portion of the region. The conflict started after the partition of India in 1947 as both India and Pakistan claimed the entirety of the former princely state of Jammu and Kashmir. It is a dispute over the region that escalated into three wars between India and Pakistan and several other armed skirmishes. India controls approximately 55% of the land area of the region that includes Jammu,the Kashmir Valley,most of Ladakh,the Siachen Glacier,and 70% of its population;Pakistan controls approximately 30% of the land area that includes Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan;and China controls the remaining 15% of the land area that includes the Aksai Chin region,the mostly uninhabited Trans-Karakoram Tract,and part of the Demchok sector.
Yasin Malik is a Kashmiri separatist leader and former militant who advocates the separation of Kashmir from both India and Pakistan. He is the Chairman of the Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front,which originally spearheaded armed militancy in the Kashmir Valley. Malik renounced violence in 1994 and adopted peaceful methods to come to a settlement of the Kashmir conflict. In May 2022,Malik pleaded guilty to charges of criminal conspiracy and waging war against the state,and was sentenced to life imprisonment.
Markandey Katju is an Indian jurist and former judge of Supreme Court of India who served as chairman for the Press Council of India from 2011 to 2014. He is the son of politician Shiva Nath Katju and grandson of Kailash Nath Katju. He is the founder and patron of the Indian Reunification Association (IRA),an organisation that advocates for the peaceful reunification of what is now Pakistan and Bangladesh with India under a secular government.
Gilgit-Baltistan,formerly known as the Northern Areas,is a region administered by Pakistan as an administrative territory and consists of the northern portion of the larger Kashmir region,which has been the subject of a dispute between India and Pakistan since 1947 and between India and China since 1959. It borders Azad Kashmir to the south,the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa to the west,the Wakhan Corridor of Afghanistan to the north,the Xinjiang region of China to the east and northeast,and the Indian-administered union territories of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh to the southeast.
India was among the charter members of the United Nations that signed the Declaration by United Nations at Washington,D.C.,on 1 January 1942 and also participated in the United Nations Conference on International Organization at San Francisco from 25 April to 26 June 1945. As a founding member of the United Nations,India strongly supports the purposes and principles of the UN and has made significant contributions in implementing the goals of the Charter,and the evolution of the UN's specialised programmes and agencies.
Lonestar Kashmir Football Club is an Indian professional football club based in Srinagar,Jammu and Kashmir. Founded in 2013,the club previously competed in I-League 2nd Division,and currently participates in JKFA Professional League.
Real Kashmir Football Club is an Indian professional football club based in Srinagar,Jammu and Kashmir. Incorporated in 2016,the club predominantly competes in I-League,the second tier of Indian football league system. Real Kashmir also participate in J&K Premier Football League regionally.
The Kashmir conflict has been beset by large scale usage of sexual violence by multiple belligerents since its inception.
Indian Army operations in Jammu and Kashmir include security operations such as Operation Rakshak,which began in 1990,Operation Sarp Vinash in 2003 and Operation Randori Behak in 2020. Other operations include humanitarian missions such as Operation Megh Rahat and operations with a social aim such as Operation Goodwill and Operation Calm Down. The Indian Army works in tandem with the other arms of the Indian Armed Forces and security forces in Jammu and Kashmir such as during Mission Sahayata or joint operations.
Jammu and Kashmir is a region administered by India as a union territory and consists of the southern portion of the larger Kashmir region,which has been the subject of a dispute between India and Pakistan since 1947 and between India and China since 1959. The Line of Control separates Jammu and Kashmir from the Pakistani-administered territories of Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan in the west and north. It lies to the north of the Indian states of Himachal Pradesh and Punjab and to the west of Ladakh which is administered by India as a union territory.
The Kashmir Files is a 2022 Indian Hindi-language drama film written and directed by Vivek Agnihotri. The film presents a fictional storyline centred around the 1990 exodus of Kashmiri Hindus from Indian-administered Kashmir. It depicts the exodus and the events leading up to it as a genocide,a framing considered inaccurate by scholars. The film claims that such facts were suppressed by a conspiracy of silence.
References
- ↑ "Journey of judiciary in Kashmir". www.greaterkashmir.com. Archived from the original on 1 March 2018.
- ↑ "History". Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 12 April 2016.
- ↑ "Newsinsight.net – newsinsight Resources and Information". Archived from the original on 5 April 2016. Retrieved 12 April 2016.
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