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The Kanem–Bornu Empire existed in areas which are now part of Nigeria, Niger, Cameroon and Chad. It was known to the Arabian geographers as the Kanem Empire from the 8th century AD onward and lasted as the independent kingdom of Bornu until 1900.
The history of Nigeria can be traced to the earliest inhabitants whose remains date from at least 13,000 BC through early civilizations such as the Nok culture which began around 1500 BC. Numerous ancient African civilizations settled in the region that is known today as Nigeria, such as the Kingdom of Nri, the Benin Empire, and the Oyo Empire. Islam reached Nigeria through the Bornu Empire between and Hausa States around during the 11th century, while Christianity came to Nigeria in the 15th century through Augustinian and Capuchin monks from Portugal. The Songhai Empire also occupied part of the region. From the 15th century, European slave traders arrived in the region to purchase enslaved Africans as part of the Atlantic slave trade, which started in the region of modern-day Nigeria; the first Nigerian port used by European slave traders was Badagry, a coastal harbour. Local merchants provided them with slaves, escalating conflicts among the ethnic groups in the region and disrupting older trade patterns through the Trans-Saharan route.
Gombe State is a state in northeastern Nigeria, bordered to the north and northeast by the states of Borno and Yobe, to the south by Taraba State, to the southeast by Adamawa State, and to the west by Bauchi State. Named for the city of Gombe, the state's capital and largest city, Gombe State was formed from a part of Bauchi State on October 1, 1996. The state is among the multilingual states in Nigeria. Of the 36 states in Nigeria, Gombe is the 21st largest in area and the 32nd most populous, with an estimated population of about 3.25 million as of 2016.
Bauchi State is a state in the North-East geopolitical zone of Nigeria, bordered by Kano and Jigawa to the north, Taraba and Plateau to the south, Gombe and Yobe to the east, and Kaduna to the west. It takes its name from the historic town of Bauchi, which also serves as its capital city. The state was formed in 1976 when the former North-Eastern State was broken up. It originally included the area that is now Gombe State, which became a distinct state in 1996.
Borno State is a state in the North-East geopolitical zone of Nigeria, bordered by Yobe to the west, Gombe to the southwest, and Adamawa to the south while its eastern border forms part of the national border with Cameroon, its northern border forms part of the national border with Niger, and its northeastern border forms all of the national border with Chad, being the only Nigerian state to border three foreign countries. It takes its name from the historic emirate of Borno, with the emirate's old capital of Maiduguri serving as the capital city of Borno State. The state was formed in 1976 when the former North-Eastern State was broken up. It originally included the area that is now Yobe State, which became a distinct state in 1991.
Northern Nigeria was an autonomous division within Nigeria, distinctly different from the southern part of the country, with independent customs, foreign relations and security structures. In 1962 it acquired the territory of the British Northern Cameroons, which voted to become a province within Northern Nigeria.
The Hausa Kingdoms, also known as Hausa Kingdom or Hausaland, was a collection of states started by the Hausa people, situated between the Niger River and Lake Chad. Hausaland lay between the Western Sudanic kingdoms of Ancient Ghana, Mali and Songhai and the Eastern Sudanic kingdoms of Kanem-Bornu. Hausaland took shape as a political and cultural region during the first millennium CE as a result of the westward expansion of Hausa peoples. They arrived to Hausaland when the terrain was converting from woodlands to savannah. They started cultivating grains, which led to a denser peasant population. They had a common language, laws and customs. The Hausa were known for fishing, hunting, agriculture, salt-mining, and blacksmithing.
Tera is a Chadic dialect cluster spoken in north-eastern Nigeria in the north and eastern parts of Gombe State and Borno State. Blench (2006) believes Pidlimdi (Hinna) dialect is a separate language.
Bayajidda was, according to the legends surrounding most West African states before the 19th century, the founder of the Hausa states.
Long before 1500, much of modern Nigeria was divided into states identified with contemporary ethnic groups. These early states included the Igbo Kingdom of Nri, the Benin Kingdom, the Yoruba city-states including the Kingdom of Ife, Igala Kingdom, the Hausa States, and Nupe. Numerous small states to the west and south of Lake Chad were absorbed or displaced in the course of the expansion of Kanem, which was centered to the northeast of Lake Chad. Bornu, initially the western province of Kanem, became independent in the late 14th century. Other states probably existed, but the absence of archaeological data prevents accurate dating.
The history of the territories which since ca. 1900 have been known under the name of Nigeria during the pre-colonial period was dominated by a number of powerful West African kingdoms or empires, such as the Oyo Empire and the Islamic Kanem-Bornu Empire in the northeast, and the Igbo kingdom of Onitsha in the southeast and various Hausa-Fulani kingdoms.
The Ngizim people live in Yobe State, northeastern Nigeria. As of 1993, there were an estimated 80,000 Ngizim. The tribe lives primarily in Potiskum, the largest city in Yobe State and originally a Ngizim town, as well as the areas to the east and south of the city. Ngizim populations once inhabited parts of Borno and Jigawa states, but have since lost their cultural identity after being assimilated into other ethnic groups. The Ngizim speak a Chadic language also called Ngizim.
Dukku is a Local Government Area in Gombe State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in Dukku town. The Gongola River flows through the west and north of the LGA. It has an area of 3,815 km2 and a population of 207,190 from the 2006 census. The vast majority of the population are Muslims, but there is a Christian minority. The major ethnic group is Fulani with Fulfulde being spoken as a major language alongside Bole while Hausa, Kanuri, and Kare-Kare are also spoken.
The pre-colonial history of Northern Nigeria encompasses the history of Northern Nigeria before the advent of European explorers and the subsequent pacification of Northern Nigeria by the British Empire. In pre-historical times, the area known as Northern Nigeria was home to the Kwatarkwashi/Nok culture. Elements of human civilisation have also been discovered around the Niger River near Kainji Dam.
The following lists events from 2014 in Nigeria.
The following lists events that happened during 2012 in Nigeria.
Hausa literature is any work written in the Hausa language. It includes poetry, prose, songwriting, music, and drama. Hausa literature includes folk literature, much of which has been transcribed, and provides a means of recording, preserving, and transmitting knowledge, especially in regard to social, psychological, spiritual, or political roles.
Gombe-Abba was established by Modibbo Buba yero, the student of Usman Dan Fodiyo, after the 1804 Jihad war. It is located about a kilometre off the Gombe - Kano highway, near a river and on a hilly area. Gombe Abba is the first capital of Gombe Emirate and inextricable part of Gombe history.
The Tera people are an ethnic group that make up the early inhabitants of the Gombe area prior to the 18th century. Presently, Tera people are mostly found in the east of the present day Gombe emirate.
The Waja people are one of the ethnic groups in Gombe area of Nigeria that were the early inhabitants of the region. They are the least dominant ethnic group in Gombe state. They inhabited the east-southern corner of Gombe state, occupying the present Balanga local government area of the state. The Waja people are the occupants of the Waja district which spread over an area of 330 square miles (850 km2).
References
- ↑ Aliyu, Sani; Shehu, Awwal; Abba, Umar (2000). Gombe state : a history of the land and the people. Zaria, Nigeria: Ahmadu Bello University Press. ISBN 9781258241.
- ↑ Waziri, Ibrahim Maina; Ibriszimow, Dymitr (2013). "The Bole Fika Political Institution and Its Structure. A Study of the Traditional Titles (Northern Nigeria)". Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft. 163 (1): 11–42. JSTOR 10.13173/zeitdeutmorggese.163.1.0011.
- ↑ Victor, N. Low (1971). Three Nigerian Emirate: A Study in Oral History. Northwestern University Press London. ISBN 978-0810138520.
- 1 2 Kingsley, Meek Charles (1931). Tribal Studies in Northern Nigeria. London: Kegan Paul Trench Trubner and Co Ltd. ISBN 9780404121099.
- ↑ T, Sulaiman (2011). "The History of Bolewa before 1804 Jihad in Gombe Area". Gombe State University.
- ↑ Bala Usman, Yusufu; Alkali, Nur (1983). Studies in the history of pre-colonial Borno. Zaria : Northern Nigerian Pub. Co. ISBN 9789781692406.
- ↑ "Bole". African Languages at UCLA. Retrieved 28 March 2022.