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Moldova,officially the Republic of Moldova,is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe,on the northeastern corner of the Balkans. The country spans a total of 33,483 km2 (12,928 sq mi) and has a population of approximately 2.42 million as of January 2024. Moldova is bordered by Romania to the west and Ukraine to the north,east,and south. The unrecognised breakaway state of Transnistria lies across the Dniester river on the country's eastern border with Ukraine. Moldova is a unitary parliamentary representative democratic republic with its capital in Chișinău,the country's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre.
Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central,Eastern and Southeast Europe. It borders Ukraine to the north and east,Hungary to the west,Serbia to the southwest,Bulgaria to the south,Moldova to the east,and the Black Sea to the southeast. It has a mainly continental climate,and an area of 238,397 km2 (92,046 sq mi) with a population of 19 million people. Romania is the twelfth-largest country in Europe and the sixth-most populous member state of the European Union. Europe's second-longest river,the Danube,empties into the Danube Delta in the southeast of the country. The Carpathian Mountains cross Romania from the north to the southwest and include Moldoveanu Peak,at an altitude of 2,544 m (8,346 ft). Bucharest is the country's largest urban area and economic hubs. Other major urban centres include Cluj-Napoca,Timișoara,Iași,Constanța and Brașov.
Romanian is the official and main language of Romania and Moldova. Romanian is part of the Eastern Romance sub-branch of Romance languages,a linguistic group that evolved from several dialects of Vulgar Latin which separated from the Western Romance languages in the course of the period from the 5th to the 8th centuries. To distinguish it within the Eastern Romance languages,in comparative linguistics it is called Daco-Romanian as opposed to its closest relatives,Aromanian,Megleno-Romanian,and Istro-Romanian. It is also spoken as a minority language by stable communities in the countries surrounding Romania,and by the large Romanian diaspora. In total,it is spoken by 25 million people as a first language.
The economy of Romania is a developing high-income mixed economy,with a high degree of complexity. It ranks 12th in the European Union by total nominal GDP and 7th largest when adjusted by purchasing power (PPP). The World Bank notes that Romania's efforts are focused on accelerating structural reforms and strengthening institutions in order to further converge with the European Union. The country's economic growth has been one of the highest in the EU since 2010,with 2022 seeing a better-than-expected 4.8% increase.
Transylvania is a historical and cultural region in Central Europe,encompassing central Romania. To the east and south its natural border is the Carpathian Mountains and to the west the Apuseni Mountains. Broader definitions of Transylvania also include the western and northwestern Romanian regions of Crișana and Maramureș,and occasionally Banat. Historical Transylvania also includes small parts of neighbouring Western Moldavia and even a small part of south-western neighbouring Bukovina to its north east.
Bucharest is the capital and largest city of Romania. The metropolis stands on the River Dâmbovița in south-eastern Romania. Its population is officially estimated at 1.76 million residents within a greater metropolitan area of 2.3 million residents,which makes Bucharest the 8th most-populous city in the European Union. The city area measures 240 km2 (93 sq mi) and comprises 6 districts (Sectoare),while the metropolitan area covers 1,811 km2 (699 sq mi). Bucharest is an alpha global city,a major cultural,political and economic hub,and the country's seat of government.
Nicolae Ceaușescu was a Romanian politician who was the second and last communist leader of Romania,serving as the general secretary of the Romanian Communist Party from 1965 to 1989. Widely classified as a dictator,he was the country's head of state from 1967 to 1989,serving as President of the State Council from 1967 and as the first President of the Republic from 1974. He was overthrown and executed in the Romanian Revolution in December 1989 along with his wife Elena Ceaușescu,as part of a series of anti-communist uprisings in Eastern Europe that year.
Chișinău is the capital and largest city of Moldova. The city is Moldova's main industrial and commercial centre,and is located in the middle of the country,on the river Bîc,a tributary of the Dniester. According to the results of the 2014 census,the city proper had a population of 532,513,while the population of the Municipality of Chișinău was 700,000. Chișinău is the most economically prosperous locality in Moldova and its largest transportation hub. Nearly a third of Moldova's population lives in the metro area.
Moldovan or Moldavian is one of the two local names for the Romanian language in Moldova. Moldovan was declared the official language of Moldova in Article 13 of the constitution adopted in 1994,while the 1991 Declaration of Independence of Moldova used the name Romanian. In 2003,the Moldovan parliament adopted a law defining Moldovan and Romanian as glottonyms for the same language. In 2013,the Constitutional Court of Moldova interpreted that Article 13 of the constitution is superseded by the Declaration of Independence,thus giving official status to the name Romanian. The breakaway region of Transnistria continues to recognize "Moldavian" as one of its official languages,alongside Russian and Ukrainian. Ukraine also continued until recently to make a distinction between Moldovan and Romanian,with one village declaring its language to be Romanian and another declaring it to be Moldovan,though Ukrainian officials have announced an intention to remove the legal status of Moldovan. On 16 November 2023,the Ministry of Education and Science of the Ukrainian government stated that it has initiated steps to abolish the Moldovan language and to replace it with Romanian. On 13 January 2024,Ukrainian newspaper Dumska reported that the Ukrainian Ministry of Education and Science had announced all 16 schools in Odesa Oblast teaching "Moldovan" had dropped the term in favor of Romanian. On 16 March 2023,the Moldovan Parliament approved a law on referring to the national language as Romanian in all legislative texts and the constitution. On 22 March,the president of Moldova,Maia Sandu,promulgated the law.
Romanians are a Romance-speaking ethnic group and nation native to Central,Eastern,and Southeastern Europe. Sharing a common culture and ancestry,they speak the Romanian language and live primarily in Romania and Moldova. The 2021 Romanian census found that 89.3% of Romania's citizens identified themselves as ethnic Romanians.
The Social Democratic Party is the largest political party in Romania. It is also the largest social democratic political party in the country. It was founded by Ion Iliescu,Romania's first democratically elected president at the 1990 Romanian general election. It is currently part of the National Coalition for Romania (CNR),which is a big tent grand coalition comprising also the National Liberal Party (PNL). The CNR formerly included the Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania (UDMR/RMDSZ) until mid June 2023.
FC Dinamo București,commonly known as Dinamo București or simply Dinamo,is a Romanian professional football club based in Bucharest that competes in the Liga I.
The Romanian Naval Forces is the principal naval branch of the Romanian Armed Forces and operates in the Black Sea and on the Danube. It traces its history back to 1860.
The Transylvanian Saxons are a people of mainly German ethnicity and overall Germanic origin—mostly Luxembourgish and from the Low Countries initially during the medieval Ostsiedlung process,then also from other parts of present-day Germany—who settled in Transylvania in various waves,starting from the mid and mid-late 12th century until the mid 19th century.
Klaus Werner Iohannis is a Romanian politician,physicist,and former physics teacher who has been serving as the fifth president of Romania from 2014.
The Romanian Air Force (RoAF) (Romanian:Forțele Aeriene Române) is the air force branch of the Romanian Armed Forces. It has an air force headquarters,an operational command,five air bases,a logistics base,an air defense brigade,an air defense regiment and an ISR brigade. Reserve forces include one air base and two airfields. In 2022,the Romanian Air Force employed 11,700 personnel. The current chief of the Romanian Air Force Staff is Lieutenant general Leonard-Gabriel Baraboi,who succeeded Lieutenant general Viorel Panăon 29 November 2023.
The Liga I,also spelled as Liga 1,is a Romanian professional league for men's association football clubs. Currently sponsored by betting company Superbet,it is officially known as the SuperLiga. It is the country's top football competition,being contested by 16 clubs which take part in a promotion and relegation system with the Liga II. The teams play 30 matches each in the regular season,before entering the championship play-offs or the relegation play-outs according to their position in the regular table.
Emory Andrew Tate III is an American and British social media personality,businessman,and former professional kickboxer. He gained notoriety for promoting various positions in the manosphere community. His controversial commentary has resulted in his expulsion from various social media platforms and concern that he promotes misogynist views to his audience. A divisive influencer,Tate has amassed 9.9 million followers on X as of August 2024 and was the third-most googled person in 2023,with most British adults aware of who he is. He has been dubbed the "king of toxic masculinity",has called himself a misogynist,and is politically described as both right-wing and far-right. As of August 2024,Tate is facing five legal investigations—three criminal and two civil—in Romania and the United Kingdom.
Parliamentary elections were held in Romania on 1 December 2024. No party won a majority in the election,which saw the incumbent National Coalition for Romania,led by the Social Democratic Party and the National Liberal Party (PNL),lose their majority in both chambers of parliament alongside significant gains by far-right parties such as the Alliance for the Union of Romanians (AUR),S.O.S. Romania,and the Party of Young People (POT). Following the elections,a pro-European grand coalition government was formed between the PSD,the PNL,and the UDMR,with the support of the national minorities. On 23 December,Ciolacu’s second cabinet was inaugurated by a slim margin,with 240 votes out of 465 in favour.
References
- ↑ "Another Western Academic Pushing Russian-Style Culture War in Eastern Europe- Peter Boghossian in Romania : Global Influence Operations Report" . Retrieved 27 December 2023.
- ↑ "STRUCTURE OF THE PARLIAMENT OF ROMANIA 2020-present". www.cdep.ro. Retrieved 16 September 2023.
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