Bourne Mill, Colchester

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Bourne Mill
Bourne Mill.jpg
Bourne Mill and Bourne Pond
Type Watermill
Location Colchester
Coordinates 51°52′38″N0°54′45″E / 51.877105°N 0.91240235°E / 51.877105; 0.91240235
OS grid reference TM 00565 23846
Area Essex
Built1591
Rebuilt1640
Owner National Trust
Listed Building – Grade I
Official nameBourne Mill
Designated24 February 1950
Reference no. 1123673
Essex UK location map.svg
Red pog.svg
Location of Bourne Mill in Essex

Bourne Mill is a Grade I listed former fishing lodge and then in turn a fulling mill and cornmill in the city of Colchester in Essex and is owned by the National Trust.

Contents

Bourne Mill, as a mill belonging to St John's Abbey

St John's Abbey was founded as a priory in 1096 and granted abbey status in 1104. [1] By 1311 Bourne Mill belonged to St John's Abbey, and may have been the Abbey's mill from the time of its foundation. [2] Its name is first recorded in c. 1240 and derives from the small stream, or bourne, south of Colchester which drove the mill. [2] It was a corn mill throughout the Middle Ages, and was possibly rebuilt in c. 1326. [2] Its pond was the Abbey's fishpond. [2]

Sir Thomas Lucas's fishing lodge

At the dissolution of the Abbey in 1539, the mill and pond passed through a number of hands before being sold to John Lucas. [2] [3] John Lucas built a mansion on the site of the Abbey (subsequently destroyed during the Civil War). [3] His son, Thomas, built a fishing lodge in 1591, incorporating elements of the former Abbey and his arms above the doorway. [2] [3] The gable ends are in the Dutch style, and incorporate a chimney at each end. [2]

Conversion to a mill

In 1640 the fishing lodge was fitted out as a fulling mill and run by Flemish refugees. [3] In about 1840 it then became a cornmill and remained as such until the 1930s. [3] The conversion to a cornmill resulted in the insertion of an upper floor and a sack hoist. [2]

Acquisition by the National Trust

The descendants of John Lucas continued to hold it until 1917. [2] It was acquired by the National Trust in 1936 from the last miller, Alfred Pulford, after its shaft broke. [3] [4] The early history of the Trust's ownership of the mill was unsatisfactory, and by 1950 it had become derelict. [4] At that point it was Grade I listed. [5] It was converted into a house; the machinery was restored in 1966. [2] [3] [4]

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References

  1. ↑ "Houses of Benedictine monks: Abbey of Colchester | British History Online". British-history.ac.uk. Retrieved 27 February 2017.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 "A P Baggs, Beryl Board, Philip Crummy, Claude Dove, Shirley Durgan, N R Goose, R B Pugh, Pamela Studd and C C Thornton, 'Mills', in A History of the County of Essex: Volume 9, the Borough of Colchester, ed. Janet Cooper and C R Elrington (London, 1994), pp. 259-264. British History Online". British-history.ac.uk. Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "National Trust: The History of Bourne Mill" . Retrieved 24 July 2023.
  4. 1 2 3 "Colchester Heritage: Bourne Mill" . Retrieved 24 July 2023.
  5. ↑ Historic England (24 February 1950). "Bourne Mill (Grade I) (1123673)". National Heritage List for England .
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