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The Battle of Worcester took place on 3 September 1651 in and around the city of Worcester, England and was the last major battle of the 1639 to 1653 Wars of the Three Kingdoms. A Parliamentarian army of around 28,000 under Oliver Cromwell defeated a largely Scottish Royalist force of 16,000 led by Charles II of England.
Colonel General Sydnam Poyntz, also Sydenham Poynts, was an English soldier who served in the Thirty Years' War and the English Civil War.
Sir Henry Herbert was Master of the Revels to both King Charles I and King Charles II, as well as a politician during both reigns.
Sir Thomas Lyttelton, 1st Baronet was an English Royalist officer and politician from the Lyttelton family during the English Civil War.
Hartlebury Castle, a Grade I listed building, near Hartlebury in Worcestershire, central England, was built in the mid-13th century as a fortified manor house, on manorial land earlier given to the Bishop of Worcester by King Burgred of Mercia. It lies near Stourport-on-Severn in an area with several large manors and country houses, including Witley Court, Astley Hall, Pool House, Areley Hall and Hartlebury and Abberley Hall. Later, it became the bishop's principal residence.
Colonel Robert Phaire, (1619?–1682), was an officer in the Irish Protestant and then the New Model armies and a Regicide. He was one of the three officers to whom the warrant for the execution of Charles I was addressed, but he escaped severe punishment at the Restoration by having married the daughter of Sir Thomas Herbert (1606–1682). He became a Muggletonian in 1662.
The second and longest siege of Worcester took place towards the end of the First English Civil War, when Parliamentary forces under the command of Thomas Rainsborough besieged the city of Worcester, accepting the capitulation of the Royalist defenders on 22 July. The next day the Royalists formally surrendered possession of the city and the Parliamentarians entered Worcester 63 days after the siege began.
The Battle of Stow-on-the-Wold took place during the First English Civil War. It was a Parliamentarian victory by detachments of the New Model Army over the last Royalist field army.
Sir Edward Villiers was an English Royalist soldier and courtier. Part of the powerful Villiers family, he was a friend of Edward Hyde, chief advisor to Charles I and Charles II from 1641 to 1668.
Worcestershire was the county where the first battle and last battle of the English Civil War took place. The first battle, the Battle of Powick Bridge, fought on 23 September 1642, was a cavalry skirmish and a victory for the Royalists (Cavaliers). The final battle, the battle of Worcester, fought on 3 September 1651, was decisive and ended the war with a Parliamentary (Roundhead) victory and King Charles II a wanted fugitive.
John William Bund Willis-Bund was a British lawyer, legal writer and professor of constitutional law and history at King's College London, a historian who wrote on the Welsh church and other subjects, and a local Worcestershire politician.
Governors of the city of Worcester, England, include:
Colonel John "Tinker" Fox (1610–1650), confused by some sources with the MP Thomas Fox, was a parliamentarian soldier during the English Civil War. Commanding a garrison at Edgbaston House in Warwickshire – a location that guarded the main roads from strongly parliamentarian Birmingham to royalist Worcestershire – Fox operated largely independently of the parliamentarian hierarchy, all factions of which tended to view him with suspicion. Though lauded by the parliamentarian press for his "continual motion and action", to royalist propagandists Fox became an icon of dangerous and uncontrolled subversiveness, being decried as a "low-born tinker" whose troops "rob and pillage very sufficiently". By 1649 Fox's notoriety was such that he was widely, though wrongly, rumoured to be one of the executioners of Charles I.
William Eyre, was an English Parliamentary army officer in the English Civil War and a Leveller.
Sir William Russell, 1st Baronet, of Wytley, was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons in 1625. He was an officer in the Royalist army during the English Civil War and, as Governor of Worcester, he refused entry to the Parliamentary cavalry shortly before the Battle of Powick Bridge — the first cavalry skirmish of the Civil War.
Colonel Sir Gilbert Gerard was a Royalist officer during the English Civil War.
The Battle of Stourbridge Heath was a skirmish that took place during the First English Civil War, in which a Parliamentarian contingent under the command of Colonel "Tinker" Fox was defeated by a larger Royalist force under the command of Sir Gilbert Gerard, Governor of Worcester.
William Sandys, 6th Baron Sandys, was a Cavalier officer in the Royalist army during the English Civil War.
The short siege of Worcester was conducted by a Parliamentary army of about 3,000 under the command of Sir William Waller. They failed to capture the city, which was defended by about 1,700 Royalists under the command of Colonel William Sandys the acting governor, and retreated back to the Parliamentary stronghold of Gloucester.
William Harewell was rector of St Mary's, Oldswinford in Worcestershire until removed from office during the Puritan revolution. After the ejection of Puritan ministers, he was probably vicar of St Peter the Great, Worcester, and a minor canon of Worcester Cathedral.
References
- Willis-Bund, John William (2008) [1905]. The Civil War In Worcestershire, 1642-1646: And the Scotch Invasion Of 1651. Birmingham: READ BOOKS. ISBN 978-1-4437-7438-3.
- London Institution Library; Upcott, William; Brayley, Edward William; Thomson, Richard (1840). A Catalogue of the Library of the London Institution: Systematically Classed, proceeded An historical and bibliographical account of the tracts and pamhplets. Vol. 2. Printed for the London Institution by C. Skipper and East.
- Rushworth, John (1708). Mr. Rushworth's Historical Collections: Abridg'd and improv'd. From April 1646 to January 1648. Vol. 6. printed in London.
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