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Rugby union football, commonly known simply as rugby union or more often just rugby, is a close-contact team sport that originated at Rugby School in England in the first half of the 19th century. Rugby is based on running with the ball in hand. In its most common form, a game is played between two teams of 15 players each, using an oval-shaped ball on a rectangular field called a pitch. The field has H-shaped goalposts at both ends.
A scrummage, commonly known simply as a scrum, is a method of restarting play in rugby football that involves players packing closely together with their heads down and attempting to gain possession of the ball. Depending on whether it is in rugby union or rugby league, the scrum is used either after an accidental infringement or when the ball has gone out of play. Scrums occur more often, and are now of greater importance, in union than in league. Starting play from the line of scrimmage in gridiron football is derived from the scrum.
In the game of rugby union, there are 15 players on each team, comprising eight forwards and seven backs. In addition, there may be up to eight replacement players "on the bench", numbered 16–23. Players are not restricted to a single position, although they generally specialise in just one or two that suit their skills and body types. Players that play multiple positions are called "utility players".
A rugby league team consists of 13 players on the field, with 4 substitutes on the bench. Each of the 13 players is assigned a position, normally with a standardised number, which reflects their role in attack and defence, although players can take up any position at any time.
Gary Armstrong is a former Scotland international rugby union player. He played scrum-half for Jed-Forest RFC, Newcastle Falcons and the Border Reivers.
Five-eighth or Stand-off is one of the positions in a rugby league football team. Wearing jersey number 6, this player is one of the two half backs in a team, partnering the scrum-half. Sometimes known as the pivot or second receiver, in a traditional attacking 'back-line' play, the five-eighth would receive the ball from the halfback, who is the first receiver of the ball from the dummy-half or hooker following a tackle.
Roger Baird is a former Scotland international rugby union player.
Between late 1957 and March 1958 the Australia national rugby union team – the Wallabies – conducted a world tour encompassing Britain, Ireland, France and Canada on which they played five Tests and thirty-one minor tour matches. The Wallabies won 17, lost 16 and drew three of their games in total. They lost all five Tests of the tour.
Mini rugby, also known as New Image Rugby, is a form of rugby union designed to introduce the sport to children. It uses a smaller ball and pitch than standard rugby, and has eight to ten players a side.
Thomas Kelly (1882–1959) was a rugby union international who represented England from 1906 to 1908. He also captained his country to a 19–0 victory over France at the Stade Colombes in Paris on 1 January 1908.
Francois Hougaard is a South African professional rugby union player. His primary position is scrum-half, but he can also play wing.
Philip Patrick Carmichael was a rugby union player who represented Australia. He won a gold medal in rugby at the 1908 Summer Olympics.
Bruce McNeil "Jackie" Beith was a rugby union player who represented Australia.
Francis Wallace Meagher was a rugby union player who represented Australia.
Bruce Cliff Caldwell was a rugby union player who represented Australia.
Bruce G. Hamilton was a rugby union player who represented Australia.
Bruce Stanton Taafe was a rugby union player who represented Australia.
Bruce Robert Battishall was a rugby union player who represented Australia.
Bruce P. Cooke was a rugby union player who represented Australia.
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