CKLF like MARVEL transmembrane domain-containing 8

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CKLF like MARVEL transmembrane domain-containing 8 (i.e. CMTM8), previously termed chemokine-like factor superfamily 8 (i.e. CKLFSF8) has at least two isoforms, the CMTM8 and CMTM8-v2 proteins. [1] Protein isoforms are variant products that are made by the alternative splicing of a single gene. The gene for these isoforms, CMTM8 (formerly termed CKLFSF8), is located in band 22 on the short (i.e. "p") arm of chromosome 3. [2] The CMTM8 gene and its CMTM8 and CMTM8-v2 proteins belong to the CKLF-like MARVEL transmembrane domain-containing family of structurally and functionally related genes and proteins. [3] The CMTM8 protein is the full-length and predominant product of the CMTM8 gene. This protein is expressed in a wide range of normal adult and fetal tissues while relatively little is known about the CMTM8-v2 protein. [4] Studies suggest that the CMTM8 protein may be involved in the development of various cancers. [5]

The levels of CMTM8 protein are lower in the tissues of non-small-cell lung carcinoma, [1] colon cancer, rectal cancer, esophageal cancer, [1] bladder cancer, [6] stomach cancer, [7] and glioblastoma brain tumors [5] than in their respective adjacent normal organ tissues. The low levels of CMTM8 protein in bladder [6] and stomach [7] cancer tissues were associated with more aggressive diseases (e.g. presence of metastases) and poorer prognoses. These findings suggest that CMTM8 protein may inhibit the development and/or progression of the cited malignancies and therefore the CMTM8 gene functions as a tumor suppressor gene. However, further studies are required to support these conclusions and to determine if the levels of CMTM8 protein can be used as prognostic markers for these malignancies and/or as a targets for treating them. [5]

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CKLF (gene)

Chemokine-like factor (CKLF) is a member of the CKLF-like MARVEL transmembrane domain-containing family of proteins that in humans is encoded by the CKLF gene. This gene is located on band 22.1 in the long arm of chromosome 16.

CMTM2

CKLF-like MARVEL transmembrane domain-containing protein 2, previously termed chemokine-like factor superfamily 2, is a member of the CKLF-like MARVEL transmembrane domain-containing family (CMTM) of proteins. In humans, it is encoded by the CMTM2 gene located in band 22 on the long arm of chromosome 16. CMTM2 protein is expressed in the bone marrow and various circulating blood cells. It is also highly expressed in testicular tissues: The CMTM2 gene and CMTM2 protein, it is suggested, may play an important role in testicular development.

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CKLF like MARVEL transmembrane domain containing 7

CKLF like MARVEL transmembrane domain-containing 7, previously termed chemokine-like factor superfamily 7, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CMTM7 gene. This gene, which is located in band 22 on the short arm of chromosome 3, and the protein that it encodes belong to the CKLF-like MARVEL transmembrane domain-containing family. Through the process of alternative splicing, the CMTM7 gene encodes two isoforms, CMTM7-v1 and CMTM7-v2, with CMTM7-v1 being the main form expressed and studied. CMTM7 proteins are widely expressed in normal human tissues.

CKLF like MARVEL transmembrane domain containing 6

CKLF like MARVEL transmembrane domain-containing 6, previously termed chemokine-like factor superfamily 6, is a transmembrane protein encoded in humans by the CMTM6 gene. This gene is located in band 22.3 on the short arm of chromosome 3. CMTM6 protein belongs to the CKLF-like MARVEL transmembrane domain-containing family of proteins. This family consist of 9 member proteins: CKLF and CMTM1 through CMTM8. The CMTM family proteins are involved in autoimmune diseases, cardiovascular diseases, the male reproductive system, haematopoiesis, and cancer development. CMTM6 protein regulates immune responses to normal and abnormal cells.

CMTM3

CKLF-like MARVEL transmembrane domain-containing protein 3, also termed chemokine-like factor superfamily 3, is a member of the CKLF-like MARVEL transmembrane domain-containing family of proteins. In humans, CMTM2 protein is encoded by the CMTM3 gene located in band 22.1 on the long arm of chromosome 16. This protein is expressed in a wide range of tissues, including fetal tissues. It is highly expressed in the male reproductive system, particularly testicular tissues and may play a role in the development of this tissue. It is also highly expressed in the immune system including circulating blood cells, i.e. B lymphocytes, CD4+ T lymphocytes, and monocytes. However, CMTM3 protein is weakly expressed or unexpressed in the malignant tissues of several types of cancers. In many but not all of theses cancers, this decreased or lack of expression appears due to methylation of the GpC islands in the promoter region, and thereby the silencing, of the CMTM3 gene.

TMEM171

Transmembrane protein 171 (TMEM171) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TMEM171 gene.

The CKLF-like MARVEL transmembrane domain-containing family (CMTM), previously termed the chemokine-like factor superfamily (CKLFSF), consists of 9 proteins, some of which have various isoforms due to alternative splicing of their respective genes. These proteins along with their isoforms are:

CKLF-like MARVEL transmembrane domain-containing 5 (CMTM5), previously termed chemokine-like factor superfamily 5, designates any one of the six protein isoforms encoded by six different alterrnative splices of its gene, CMTM5; CMTM5-v1 is the most studied of these isoforms. The CMTM5 gene is located in band 11.2 on the long arm of chromosome 14.

CKLF like MARVEL transmembrane domain-containing 1, formerly termed chemokine-like factor superfamily 1, has 23 known isoforms, the CMTM1-v1 to CMTM1-v23 proteins. Protein isoforms are variant products that are made by alternative splicing of a single gene. The gene for these isoforms, CMTM1, is located in band 22 on the long arm of chromosome 16. The CMTM1 gene and its 23 isoforms belong to the CKLF-like MARVEL transmembrane domain-containing family of structurally and functionally related genes and proteins. CMTM1 proteins are weakly express in a wide range of normal tissues but are far more highly expressed in normal testes as well as the malignant cells of certain types of cancer.

CKLF like MARVEL transmembrane domain-containing 4, formerly termed chemokine-like factor superfamily 4, has 3 known isoforms, the CMTM4-v1 to CMTM4-v3 proteins. Protein isoforms are variant products that are made by alternative splicing of a single gene. The gene for the CMTM4 isoforms is located in band 22 on the long arm of chromosome 16. The CMTM4 gene and its 3 isoform proteins belong to the CKLF-like MARVEL transmembrane domain-containing family of structurally and functionally related genes and proteins. CMTM4-v1 and CMTM4-v2 are widely expressed in multiple human tissue while CMTM4-v3 has been detected only in the kidney and placental tissues.

References

  1. 1 2 3 Zhang W, Qi H, Mo X, Sun Q, Li T, Song Q, Xu K, Hu H, Ma D, Wang Y (February 2017). "CMTM8 is Frequently Downregulated in Multiple Solid Tumors". Applied Immunohistochemistry & Molecular Morphology. 25 (2): 122–128. doi:10.1097/PAI.0000000000000274. PMID   26574634. S2CID   205912507.
  2. ↑ Duan HJ, Li XY, Liu C, Deng XL (April 2020). "Chemokine-like factor-like MARVEL transmembrane domain-containing family in autoimmune diseases". Chinese Medical Journal. 133 (8): 951–958. doi:10.1097/CM9.0000000000000747. PMC   7176445 . PMID   32195671.
  3. ↑ Han W, Ding P, Xu M, Wang L, Rui M, Shi S, Liu Y, Zheng Y, Chen Y, Yang T, Ma D (June 2003). "Identification of eight genes encoding chemokine-like factor superfamily members 1-8 (CKLFSF1-8) by in silico cloning and experimental validation". Genomics. 81 (6): 609–17. doi:10.1016/s0888-7543(03)00095-8. PMID   12782130.
  4. ↑ Li M, Luo F, Tian X, Yin S, Zhou L, Zheng S (2020). "Chemokine-Like Factor-Like MARVEL Transmembrane Domain-Containing Family in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Latest Advances". Frontiers in Oncology. 10: 595973. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2020.595973 . PMC   7691587 . PMID   33282744.
  5. 1 2 3 Wu J, Li L, Wu S, Xu B (August 2020). "CMTM family proteins 1-8: roles in cancer biological processes and potential clinical value". Cancer Biology & Medicine. 17 (3): 528–542. doi:10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2020.0032. PMC   7476098 . PMID   32944388.
  6. 1 2 Gao D, Hu H, Wang Y, Yu W, Zhou J, Wang X, Wang W, Zhou C, Xu K (December 2015). "CMTM8 inhibits the carcinogenesis and progression of bladder cancer". Oncology Reports. 34 (6): 2853–63. doi:10.3892/or.2015.4310. PMC   4722886 . PMID   26503336.
  7. 1 2 Yan M, Zhu X, Qiao H, Zhang H, Xie W, Cai J (June 2021). "Downregulated CMTM8 Correlates with Poor Prognosis in Gastric Cancer Patients". DNA and Cell Biology. 40 (6): 791–797. doi:10.1089/dna.2021.0110. PMID   33978454. S2CID   234473652.
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